Assessment of psychosocial risk factors
Deepak Sharan
1
Address for correspondence:
1
RECOUP Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Centre, Bangalore, INDIA.
Abstract: Aspects of work may not only contribute to physical stress but psychological stress as well. As long as we believe we
have adequate control over all aspects of our job, we may experience normal stress. However, if we believe we have little control
over job demands, we may suffer from distress with accompanying ill health and possible irrational behaviours. Under distress,
the probability of an accident increases greatly. Research is examining work factors such as performance monitoring, incentive
pay systems, and unreasonable management production demands to determine whether these factors have a negative effect on the
musculoskeletal system. Another related area of research is to determine which personal, work, or societal factors contribute to
acute musculoskeletal disorders developing into chronic or disabling problems. Objectives: This symposium will discuss methods
of identification of psychosocial risk factors among the workers engaged in video display terminal use which is practised at our
tertiary level rehabilitation centre.
Keywords: Workstyle, Musculoskeletal pain, Work-related psychosocial factors
1. Introduction
Although WRMSDs have been shown to result
primarily from the biomechanical stressors induced
by job demands, there is increasing evidence that
they may be triggered or worsened by psychosocial
work factors. Work-related psychosocial factors often
referred as work organisational factors, are defined as
perceptions or belief of workers about the way their
work environment is organized. National Institute of
Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH) has
identified five psychosocial factors related to
musculoskeletal disorders, i.e., job satisfaction,
intensified workload, monotonous work, job control,
and social support. Bhanderi et al.
1
reported strong
associations between boredom, workload, and social
support to musculoskeletal discomfort in computer
professionals from India. Individual worker factors
such as age, gender, culture, educational status, job
satisfaction, and personality type have also been
associated with development of WRMSDs.
2. Workstyle information
'Workstyle', or how a worker behaviourally,
cognitively and physiologically responds to increased
or stressful work demands, has been proposed to help
explain the link between ergonomic and psychosocial
factors in work-related upper limb disorder
symptoms and disorders (WRULD). In the present
method of evaluation a questionnaire developed by
Feuerstein et al
2
was used for evaluating the
workstyle factors among the workers engaged in
computer work. The short form workstyle
questionnaire with 32 items was used in the study to
assess workstyle in the participants. The
measurements aim to capture worker’s behavioural,
physiological, and cognitive responses to a perceived
high level of workload. The questionnaire consists of
8 subscales (i.e. working through pain, social
reactivity, limited workplace support, breaks,
deadlines and pressure, self-imposed workload,
mood, and autonomic). The items in each subscale
were mainly scored on a five point scale (almost
never (0)-almost always (4)) or a dichotomous scale
(yes–no). Majority of the questions (Q1-22, Q25-32)
that ask the participants to rate their emotion and
behaviour during a high level of workload were
summed. However, two questions (Q23 and 24) that
are related to positive work behaviours such as taking
breaks were scored negatively. A total score of 28 or
higher was considered as high risk of adverse
workstyle.
Work 41 (2012) 5361-5362
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0819-5361
IOS Press
1051-9815/12/$27.50 © 2012 – IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved
5361