August 2022 · Volume 11 · Issue 8 Page 2158
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Varghese L et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Aug;11(8):2158-2165
www.ijrcog.org
pISSN 2320-1770 | eISSN 2320-1789
Original Research Article
Menstrual irregularities and related risk factors among adolescent girls
Linda Varghese*, Akhila Saji, Parvathy Bose
INTRODUCTION
Adolescent is the transitional stage of life in between
childhood and adulthood and experienced by physical,
mental and psychological changes. When the girls attain
puberty, they were passing through a stage of
menstruation. Menstruation is a period in which vaginal
secretion, blood, cervical mucus flow from uterus of non-
pregnant women.
1
First period of menstruation is called
menarche. Menstrual irregularities are the common
problems faced by girls during their period. Due to the
adaptation of new life style, menstrual irregularities are
very common in adolescent girls.
2
Menstrual disorders are
the difficulties which interfere normal menstrual cycle of
an adolescent girls they involve painful menstruation,
absence of bleeding or heavy bleeding. There are various
menstrual disorders that are differ in signs and symptoms.
There are so many factors which causes menstrual
irregularities like hormonal influences, lack of exercises,
thyroid problems, food habits.
3,4
Menstrual irregularities are the one of the main reasons for
school absenteeism among adolescent girls.
Dysmenorrhea, irregularities in menstrual flow such as
amenorrhea, polymenorrhagia, oligomenorrhea are the
common problems seen in adolescent girls.
4
Menstrual
problem around adolescent girls are usual and notable
source of morbidity.
5,6,18
Another study suggested the
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221929
Department of OBG Nursing, Amrita College of Nursing, Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
Received: 25 May 2022
Revised: 01 July 2022
Accepted: 02 July 2022
*Correspondence:
Linda Varghese,
E-mail: lindasojan@gmail.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
Background: Irregular menstrual cycle is a common issue faced by females in their reproductive age group. Problems
associated with menstruation are really challenging faced by adolescent girls. Females face various problems associated
with menstruation once they attain puberty. The main aim of the study was to identify menstrual irregularities and
related risk factors among adolescent girls in selected district, Kerala.
Methods: Descriptive survey design and total enumeration sampling technique was used for the study. The study was
conducted in 356 adolescent girls between the age group of 17-22 years. Data was collected by using a semi-structured
questionnaire.
Results: The mean age of the adolescent girls was 20 years. Majority of them belong to middle-class family (97.2%)
with normal BMI (68%). 84% (299) girls have regular menstrual cycle and 16% of the girls have irregular menstrual
cycle. Only 24 (6.7%) of girls have amenorrhea. Considerable number of adolescent girls 51 (14.3%) had light menstrual
flow. More than half (65%) of the adolescent girls had menorrhagia. Polymenorrhagiais experienced by 11 (3.1%) of
adolescent girls. Dysmenorrhea was present in 264 (94%) girls followed by menometrorrhagia (16%) and
oligomenorrhea (14.9%).
Conclusions: Menstrual irregularities are very common in reproductive age group of females and the common
menstrual irregularities found were dysmenorrhea, oligomenorrhea and menometrorrhagia. Hypomenorrhea and
menometrorrhagia has significant association with age.
Keywords: Menstrual irregularities, Adolescent girls menstruation, Dysmenorrhea