Research Article
Thermodynamics of Ricci-Gauss-Bonnet Dark Energy
Ayesha Iqbal
1
and Abdul Jawad
2
1
Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Correspondence should be addressed to Abdul Jawad; jawadab181@yahoo.com
Received 24 November 2017; Revised 10 January 2018; Accepted 21 January 2018; Published 4 March 2018
Academic Editor: Chao-Qiang Geng
Copyright © 2018 Ayesha Iqbal and Abdul Jawad. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
e publication of this article was funded by SCOAP
3
.
We investigate the validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics of a physical system comprising newly proposed dark
energy model called Ricci-Gauss-Bonnet and cold dark matter enveloped by apparent horizon and event horizon in flat Friedmann-
Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe. For this purpose, Bekenstein entropy, Renyi entropy, logarithmic entropy, and power law
entropic corrections are used. It is found that this law exhibits the validity on both apparent and event horizons except for the
case of logarithmic entropic correction at apparent horizon. Also, we check the thermodynamical equilibrium condition for all
cases of entropy and found its vitality in all cases of entropy.
1. Introduction
e revelation of black holes thermodynamics motivated the
physicist to examine the thermodynamics of cosmological
models in accelerated expanding universe [1–3]. Bekenstein
and Hawking determined that the entropy of black hole is
proportional to its event horizon [4, 5] which leads to impor-
tant law named generalized second law of thermodynamics
(GSLT) for black hole physics. is law can be defined as the
entropy of black hole and its exterior is always increasing.
e primitive level of thermodynamics properties of horizons
is exhibited by considering Einstein field equations as an
alternate of first law of thermodynamics [6, 7]. Gibbons and
Hawking developed the Beckenstein’s idea for cosmological
system by exhibiting that the entropy of cosmological event
horizon is proportional to horizon area [8]. ey represented
the equality of apparent horizon and event horizon for de
Sitter universe. e validity of GSLT was deeply studied later
[9–11]. GSLT in cosmological scenario implies that the rate of
change of entropy of horizon along with that of fluid inside it
will always be greater than or equal to zero. Its mathematical
expression is
horizon
+
inside
≥ 0. (1)
In addition, the holographic dark energy (HDE) is an
interesting effort in exploring the nature of dark energy in
the framework of quantum gravity. is model is motivated
from the fundamental holographic principle that arises from
black hole thermodynamics and string theory [12–15]. HDE
fascinated a large amount of research despite some objections
[16, 17]. e choice of the length scale appearing in the
holographic dark energy density
= 3
−2
gives rise to
different dark energy models. One of the crucial models is
holographic Ricci dark energy model which is developed by
assuming IR length scale as the average radius of Ricci scalar
curvature,
−1/2
[18–20]. Moreover, its modified form is also
presented and discussed widely [21–23].
Further, Wang et al. [24] observed that GSLT is verified
at apparent horizon but not at event horizon for a specific
model of dark energy. In case of new holographic dark energy,
GSLT is valid fully on apparent horizon but partially on
event horizon of universe [25]. e breakdown of GSLT was
argued in case of event horizon enveloping the universe as
compared to apparent horizon [26]. Setare [27] has derived
the constraints on deceleration parameter in order to fulfill
GSLT in case of nonflat universe enveloped by event horizon.
e GSLT of thermodynamics has also been analyzed in case
of Braneworld [28, 29] and generally Levelock gravity [30].
Hindawi
Advances in High Energy Physics
Volume 2018, Article ID 6139430, 12 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6139430