12 1 Menara perkebunan, 2005, 73(1), 12-24 Analisis genotip normal dan abnormal pada klon kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dengan Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Analysis normal and abnormal genotypes of oil palm clones (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) NuritaTORUAN-MATHIUS 1) , ENDANG-YUNIASTUTI 2) , Ridwan. SETIAMIHARJA 3) & Murdaningsih H. KARMANA 3) 1) Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, Bogor 16151, Indonesia 2) Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Solo, Indonesia 3) Fakultas Pascasarjana, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Summary Tissue culture-derived plants of oil palm may develop abnormal flowers in which primordial stamens are converted into carpel-like tissue or mantled fruits, and sterile male flowers. This abnormality can be heritable, individual palm may show variation in mantling and reversion to the normal phenotype over time has been observed. The aim of these experiments was to analyze the differences between normal and abnormal genotypes by DNA-AFLP. DNA was isolated from young fruits of three clones, MK152, MK209, and MK 212 each of them consisted of normal fruits, abnormal fruits and sterile male flowers. The research consisted of (i) selection of AFLP primer which can produce polymorphic bands, (ii) genetic similarities analysis, UPGMA, principal component analysis and specific DNA bands between normal or abnormal genotypes. For primers selection, 20 AFLP primers with DNA from MK 152 normal and abnormal genotypes were used. The selected primers were then used to amplify DNA of nine genotypes. The results show that 10 primer com- binations EcoRI/MseI produced polymorphic bands. Each primer from 10 primer produced only one or two DNA bands indicates that the differences between normal and abnormal genotypes in the same clone. However, no polymorphism was consistently found between normal and abnormal clones in all the sets. Genetic similarity analysis shows that between genotype had high genetic similarities, around 92-99%. The results of UPGMA found the different clustering between normal fruit, abnormal male and abnormal fruits. The results show same as clustering based on first, second and third component. This suggest that, whilst AFLP method is an effective way of detecting variation in tissue culture-derived plants, different approaches are required to identify the casual basis of the mantled fruit abnormality. [Key words: Oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq, soma-clonal variation, tissue culture AFLP, genetic similarity, UPGMA] Ringkasan Tanaman kelapa sawit yang dihasilkan dari kultur jaringan, umumnya dalam perkembangan- nya akan memiliki organ reproduktif yang abnormal. Abnormalitas berupa primordial stamen berkembang menjadi bentuk jaringan seperti karpel, buah mantel, atau bunga jantan mandul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk