Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3
International Urology and Nephrology
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-019-02277-0
UROLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
A novel method for pain control: infiltration free local anesthesia
technique (INFLATE) for transrectal prostatic biopsy using
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Mustafa Suat Bolat
1
· Onder Cinar
2
· Ramazan Asci
3
· Recep Buyukalpelli
3
Received: 24 June 2019 / Accepted: 3 September 2019
© Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract
Purpose To describe a novel method for the control of pain during prostate biopsies, infiltration free local anesthesia tech-
nique (INFLATE) for transrectal prostatic biopsies with no further needle insertions for local anesthetic infiltration.
Methods A total of 138 men with elevated prostate-specific antigen levels and/or abnormal digital rectal examination find-
ings were included in the study. Of the patients, 73 were assigned to the INFLATE group and 65 to the TRUS-PNB group.
Demographic data, PSA levels, findings of digital rectal examinations, and multiparametric prostatic magnetic resonance
imaging were recorded. In the INFLATE group, a two-channel TENStem eco basic device with two electrodes was used
for pain control during the biopsy. For the TRUS-PNB group, 60 mg lidocaine gel was given intrarectally in addition to
infiltration of a prilocaine and bupivacaine mixture (5 mL of 2% prilocaine + 5 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine). Pain perception
was assessed using a linear numeric rating scale.
Results The mean ages, BMIs, prostate volumes, and PSA levels were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). Of the 56
participants with prostate adenocarcinoma, 28 were in the INFLATE group, and 28 were in the TRUS-PNB group with a
40.6% overall cancer detection rate. The mean preoperative and post-operative pain scores during probe insertion, biopsy
and post-biopsy were similar between the groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion The results of the study confirmed that INFLATE for transrectal prostate biopsy using a TENS device could
safely and effectively be used for pain control with the advantage of two fewer needle attempts with no increase in significant
complications.
Keywords Depression · Pain · Prostate biopsy · Transepidermal nerve stimulation
Introduction
Prostate cancer is one of the most diagnosed tumors among
older men [1]. A prostate biopsy is one of the most com-
monly used outpatient procedures for diagnosis in the
prostate. Astraldi first described the finger-guided prostate
biopsy [2]. Since then, the technique has evolved to its cur-
rent form of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy
with a periprostatic nerve block (TRUS-PNB), which is rec-
ommended by the European Association of Urology. Moreo-
ver, the use of multiparametric MRIs has increased in recent
years to obtain higher clinically significant prostate cancer
diagnoses by targeting prostatic lesions [3]. Despite its diag-
nostic importance, taking a prostate biopsy may be a bother-
some procedure in which patients may suffer from fear of
pain and feelings of discomfort [4]. Although some research-
ers have reported low rates of infection [5], it is reasonable
* Mustafa Suat Bolat
msbolat@gmail.com
Onder Cinar
drondercinar@gmail.com
Ramazan Asci
rasci60@gmail.com
Recep Buyukalpelli
rbykalp@yahoo.com
1
Gazi State Hospital, Urology Clinic, Samsun, Turkey
2
Department of Urology, Bulent Ecevit University,
Zonguldak, Turkey
3
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuzmayis
University, Samsun, Turkey