1 AAB, 2024; 15:E39091 Original Article: Neuroprotective Effects of Salvia Hydrangea Extract through Dietary Uptake in Amyloid Beta-injected Rats Afshin Kheradmand 1 , Shayan Fallah 2 , Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi 3 , Ghorbangol Ashabi 4 , Solmaz Khalifeh 5 , 6 , Nayereh Zare 7* 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 6. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 7. Department of Anatimical Sciences and Cognitive Neueoscience, Faculty of Medicine,Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Cite this article as: Kheradmand A, Fallah Sh, Sadat-Shirazi M, Ashabi Gh, Khalifehe S, Zare N. Neuroprotective Effects of Salvia Hydrangea Extract through Dietary Uptake in Amyloid Beta-Injected Rats. Archives of Advances in Biosciences. 2024; 15E39091. https://doi.org/10.22037/aab.v15i. 39091 https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/aab/article/view/39091 Article info: Received: 30 Jul 2023 Accepted: 10 Jan 2024 Published: 29 Jan 2024 * Corresponding author: Nayereh Zare, MD. Address: Department of Anatimical Sciences and Cognitive Neueoscience, Faculty of Medicine,Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: Nura.1389@yahoo.com Abstract Introduction: Alzheimerʼs disease (AD) has been identified as a progressive memory and cognitive impairment. Some Salvia species are suggested by certain studies for the management of mild to moderate AD. We aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects of S. hydrangea on amyloid beta-injected rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were pretreated with S. hydrangea for 10 days before amyloid beta (Aβ) injection. Western blotting techniques were used to evaluate protein level of γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in two brain regions: hippocampus and frontal cortex. Results: Current data show that S. hydrangea extract increased γ-GCS protein levels in amyloid beta injected rats, and pretreatment with S. hydrangea increased it further. Besides, S. hydrangea decreased protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in amyloid beta injected rats. Conclusion: Based on the decreased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and the increased levels of γ-GCS, it is suggested that the use of S. hydrangea could be protective in neurodegenerative diseases. Keywords: Alzheimerʼ s disease, Interleukin-6, S. hydrangea, Tumor necrosis factor α, γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase 1. Introduction lzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related category of human psychiatric disorders characterized by cognitive impairment and progressive memory loss, along with the deposition of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques [1]. According to Ashabi et al., Aβ has been implicated in the degeneration of neurites through programmed cell death (PCD) [2]. Additionally, the accumulation of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles may contribute to the loss of learning and memory [3]. In previous research, the role of oxidative stress in development of AD pathogenesis has been discussed, particularly through lipid peroxidation of cell membrane [4]. Mitochondria, as previously demonstrated, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and within this organelle, various enzymes act to defend cells against ROS and decrease their levels A Archives of Advances in Biosciences