30 Abstracts / Int. J. Devl Neuroscience 47 (2015) 1–131 complexity, valence) including the age in which these scripts were acquired (i.e., “when did you first learn to perform this behaviour”). In two fMRI studies, participants processed both the procedural (“how”) and teleological (“why”) aspects of late-acquired and early- acquired scripts. In both studies, and controlling for the various possible confounds and reaction times, processing late-acquired (vs. early-acquired) scripts activated the “default mode network”. These findings suggest that the default network is associated with mature cognitive processing, and thus join previous work in arguing against theories that ascribe very basic, early-acquired functions to the default network. We note three main inter- pretations of our data: (i) a relatively uncontroversial argument according to which the on-line processing of late-acquired (vs. early acquired) scripts recruited a different set of cognitive functions; (ii) a stronger claim according to which the differences in on-line pat- terns of activation stem from differences that existed at the time of script acquisition; (iii) a radical claim according to which age of script acquisition is one of the organizing principles of the cortex. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.086 ISDN2014 0107 Working memory and inhibition in children with disruptive behavioral disorders Eeva Aronen 1,2,∗ , Suvi Saarinen 1 , Virve Vuontela 1,3 , Synnove Carlson 1,3 1 University of Helsinki, Finland 2 Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland 3 Aalto University, Finland Very little evidence exists on inhibitory function and work- ing memory (WM) deficits in children diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorders such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Conduct Disorder (CD). We evaluated the function of response inhibition (RI) and visuospatial WM in patients (n = 30, 26, respec- tively) with ODD/CD compared with age- and gender-matched controls (n = 30, 26) while controlling for the comorbid diagno- sis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) in patients. The patients were diagnosed by Kiddie-SADS-PL-interview, psy- chiatric symptoms were measured using Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF). Response inhibition was measured by computer-based visual Go/NoGo tasks and WM was measured by computer-based visuospatial n-back tasks with three difficulty levels. Incorrect responses in visual Go/NoGo tasks and incorrect responses (reflecting WM performance) in all WM tasks were significantly higher in patients with ODD/CD than in con- trols. Both patient subgroups, ODD/CD+ADHD and ODD/CD alone, had WM deficits compared with controls. But only patient sub- group ODD/CD+ADHD had deficit in response inhibition compared to controls. These results suggest that children with ODD/CD have visuospatial WM deficits that are not accounted for by comorbid ADHD and response inhibition deficit which may be accounted for by comorbid ADHD. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.087 ISDN2014 0108 Examining the ethical challenges of screening for biomarkers of prenatal alcohol exposure Natalie Zizzo 1,∗ , Emily Bell 1,2 , Eric Racine 1,2,3,4 1 Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Neuroethics Research Unit, Canada 2 McGill University, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Canada 3 Université de Montréal, Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, Canada 4 McGill University, Department of Medicine & Biomedical Ethics Unit, Canada Current research seeks to identify biomarkers of prenatal alco- hol exposure (PAE) in newborns. Reliable biomarkers could be used in PAE screening programs to identify children at risk of devel- oping fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a leading cause of neurodevelopmental delay. It may also enable the assessment of accurate PAE prevalence rates. Although PAE screening programs are being piloted in Canada, it is important to note that such a screen has important social ramifications as it reveals information not only about the child but about the behaviour of the mother. This behaviour is heavily stigmatized and a positive result could lead to a number of negative consequences, such as apprehension of the child by social services. Accordingly, we reviewed the legal, ethical and social science literature and found that much of the literature focused on how a screen can be ethically implemented. We sug- gest that, currently, the most ethically acceptable implementation would use non-targeted, opt-in consent. We also examine several other ethical concerns in depth: (1) Appropriate follow-up to positive screen results – this includes ensuring there are adequate follow-up resources for beneficial intervention, and examining how results should be managed in terms of confidentiality and disclosure to third parties. (2) Consequences of false-positive and false-negative test results – we highlight the importance of high specificity and sensitivity as both false-positive and false-negative test results can lead to negative consequences. (3) Use of screens for criminal prosecution – we advocate that PAE screening should not be used for criminal prosecution as it poses problems for both women and newborn health, it can unfairly target marginalized groups and it can threaten women’s rights. We conclude that further discussion with stakeholders on these issues will enrich our perspectives and result in more successful and ethical screening programs. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.088 ISDN2014 0109 Digital nanodot gradients and adjustable reference surfaces to investigate axonal turning on substrate-bound protein gradients S.G. Ricoult ∗ , G. Thompson-Steckel, G. Ongo, J.P. Correia, T.E. Kennedy, D. Juncker McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Cell navigation operates in response to an inhomogeneous dis- tribution of extracellular cues. There is therefore an incentive to create deterministic protein patterns in vitro to address how the density and distribution of these cues directs cell migration.