Journal of Parasitology Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Serum of Silver Catfish (Rhamdia quelen) Naturally Infected by Clinostomum complanatum: A preliminary study --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: 13-300R2 Full Title: Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Serum of Silver Catfish (Rhamdia quelen) Naturally Infected by Clinostomum complanatum: A preliminary study Short Title: Cytokines in the Serum of Fish Infected by C. complanatum Article Type: Research Notes Corresponding Author: Aleksandro Da Silva UDESC Chapeco, SC - Santa Catarina BRAZIL Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: UDESC Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Horacio Lima First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Horacio Lima Lenita Stefani Fabio Pedron Matheus Baldissera Aleksandro Da Silva Order of Authors Secondary Information: Abstract: Clinostomum complanatum is a zoonotic parasite of birds, and its larval form (metacercariae) may cause disease in fish. The immune response of fish infected by C. complanatum is unknown, and therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) infected by this parasite. The analysis showed that fish infected with metacercariae presented significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) when compared to those not-infected. These data suggest that C. complanatum larvae activate the host immune response. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation