Exotic Pinus radiata Plantations do not Increase Andes Hantavirus Prevalence in Rodents Andre´ V. Rubio, 1 Fernando Fredes, 2 and Javier A. Simonetti 3 1 Departamento de Ciencias Biolo´gicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile 2 Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile 3 Departamento de Ciencias Ecolo´gicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile Abstract: Andes south virus (ANDV) is the etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in Chile and southern Argentina. Farm and forestry workers have been identified as a group at high risk of acquiring HCPS caused by ANDV due to their close exposure to rodents or their secretions in rural areas. Therefore, investigation on the effect of landscape composition on ANDV in wild rodents becomes relevant for disease prevention and control. In this study, we analyzed the influence of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) plantations, an important monoculture in the global forest industry, on small mammal assemblage and on ANDV seroprevalence and abundance of seropositive rodents from central Chile. Small mammals were sampled seasonally during 2 years in native forests, adult pine plantations and young pine plantations. A total of 1630 samples from seven rodent species were analyzed for antibody detection. ANDV seroprevalence and abundance of seropositive rodents were significantly higher in the native forest compared to pine plantations. Furthermore, Monterey pine plantations decrease the abundance and relative abundance of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (the principal reservoir of ANDV) and do not change sex ratio and distribution of age classes of this rodent species, which are variables that are important for ANDV transmission. Our findings indicate that Monterey pine plantations would not pose a higher risk of human exposure to ANDV compared to the temperate native forest. Our results can be useful for hantavirus risks assessment in human-dominated areas where ANDV is endemic. Keywords: Chile, Disease risk, Hantavirus, Land-use change, Rodents, Zoonoses INTRODUCTION Hantaviruses (family Hantaviridae, genus Orthohantavirus) are globally widespread viruses that can cause disease in humans (Kruger et al. 2015; Milholland et al. 2018). In the Americas, several hantavirus strains transmitted by rodents cause a disease known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syn- drome (HCPS) (Hjelle and Torres-Pe´rez 2010). Transmis- Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article (https://doi. org/10.1007/s10393-019-01443-1) contains supplementary material, which is avail- able to authorized users. Correspondence to: Andre´ V. Rubio, e-mail: arubio@uchile.cl EcoHealth https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-019-01443-1 Original Contribution Ó 2019 EcoHealth Alliance