Research, Society and Development, v. 11, n. 7, e46111730255, 2022 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i7.30255 1 Essential oil from the aerial parts of four species of Protium (Burseraceae) – A contribution to the aromatic flora of the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Amazonas state, Brazil Óleos essenciais das partes aéreas de quatro espécies of Protium (Burseraceae) – Uma contribuição para a flora aromática da Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Amazonas, Brasil Aceites esenciales delas partes aéreas de cuatro especies de Protium (Burseraceae) – Una contribución a la flora aromática de la Reserva Forestal Adolpho Ducke, Amazonas, Brasil Received: 05/12/2022 | Reviewed: 05/19/2022 | Accept: 05/26/2022 | Published: 05/30/2022 Thiago Augusto Araujo Correia Lima (in memorian) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brasil Darlene Pinto Keng Queiroz ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0571-7110 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brasil E-mail: darlenepinto@hotmail.com Loretta Ennes Sabóia de Melo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4189-6379 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brasil E-mail: lorettaennes@hotmail.com Lyege Magalhães Oliveira ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8995-0317 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brasil E-mail: lyege.oliveira@ifam.edu.br José Eduardo Lahoz da Silva Ribeiro ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2389-5631 Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brasil E-mail: jeduardo@uel.br Marcia Ortiz Mayo Marques ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8270-4308 Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Brasil E-mail: mortiz@iac.sp.gov.br Maria da Paz Lima ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0255-0693 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brasil E-mail: mdapaz@inpa.gov.br Abstract The Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve is a fragment of the Amazon Rainforest that has the highest density of collections deposited in the INPA herbarium, and this characterized, vascular flora has been an important basis for chemical studies. This paper describes the chemical composition of the volatiles of aerial parts of the four species of Protium that occurr in the Ducke Reserve. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. P. altsonii showed high percentages of the monoterpenes α-pinene (22.05%) and limonene (17.76%) in the leaves, and linear long-chain fatty alcohols, such as n-tetradecanol (19.93%) and hexadecanol (32.56%), in the branches. The essential oil from leaves of P. laxiflorum provided sesquiterpenes α-copaene (18.98%), epi-α-cadinol (9.17%) and β-caryophyllene (9.04%) as the main compounds. In P. pallidum, the sesquiterpenes caryophyllene oxide (29.72%), α-cadinol (28.82%) and epi-α-cadinol (13.96%) were predominant in the leaves, and α-cadinol (25.50%), α- eudesmol (22.29%) and caryophyllene oxide (12.81%) predominated in the branches. β-Caryophyllene (30.59%) and caryophyllene oxide (20.63%) were the main compounds in the leaves of P. paniculatum var. riedelianum. The results presented herein contribute to the knowledge of the aromatic flora of the Ducke Reserve. Keywords: Amazonia; Protium altsonii; Protium laxiflorum; Protium pallidum; Protium paniculatum var. riedelianum.