Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-017-0365-4
Harmonic Compensation Using a Series Hybrid Filter in a Centralized
AC Microgrid
Hélio Marcos André Antunes
1
· Sidelmo Magalhães Silva
1
· Danilo Iglesias Brandao
1
·
Alysson Augusto Pereira Machado
1
· Braz de Jesus Cardoso Filho
1
Received: 31 August 2017 / Revised: 11 November 2017 / Accepted: 27 December 2017
© Brazilian Society for Automatics–SBA 2018
Abstract
The current context of microgrids shows a considerable and unprecedented increase in distributed generation. A microgrid
is defined as a network of electricity users composed of distributed generators, loads and storage elements able to operate
as a single entity connected or isolated from the main grid. However, the microgrids have usually low short-circuit power
capabilities due to the distributed generators composed of electronic converters, which makes the system very susceptible
to power quality problems. This article presents an analysis of the series hybrid active filter connected to a centralized AC
microgrid, under low power quality issue operation in islanded and grid-connected modes. The paper evaluates the series
hybrid filter performance in harmonic compensation and resonance damping capability through simulation analysis. The
results show that a series hybrid filter is capable of enhancing the microgrid power quality, requiring a low nominal capacity
active filter.
Keywords Harmonic filters · Hybrid filters · Microgrids · Passive filters · Power quality
1 Introduction
The world has been experiencing a fast change in the pro-
duction and use of electric power. The traditional electrical
system operated transporting large amount of energy pro-
duced by huge power plants located far from the consumer.
However, with the introduction of distributed generation that
scenario has been changing due to the use of energy renew-
able sources and power production closer to end-users. The
distributed generators (DGs) usually have nominal power
between 1 kW and 10 MW (Malik 2013; Chen and Mili
2013; Medina et al. 2014).
In this context, a new concept appears with the evolu-
tion of the distributed generation named as microgrid (MG).
According to (Lasseter 2001), a MG is a set of electrical
microsources, loads and storage elements controlled as a dis-
patchable unit (Mahmoud et al. 2014), in which the DGs are
commonly based on renewable energy sources (Li and Neja-
batkhah 2014). The storage systems are composed of battery
B Hélio Marcos André Antunes
helioantunes@ufmg.br
1
Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal
University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
banks, air compressors and flywheel (Parhizi et al. 2015;
Araújo et al. 2017).
The development of power electronics converters based
on voltage source inverters (VSIs) has enabled the inter-
faces between sources of renewable generation to the grid
and besides allows all operation modes of a MG. However, a
MG is a weak electrical system with low short-circuit power
and the expansion of nonlinear loads and DGs cause voltage
and current distortion rates increasing at the point of com-
mon coupling (PCC) of a MG (Balanuta et al. 2012; Bhende
and Kalam 2013; do Nascimento Sepulchro et al. 2014). The
main phenomena that affect a MG are voltage unbalance, har-
monics, low power factor and frequency deviation (Natesan
et al. 2014).
Active filters (AFs), with series and shunt configurations,
have been widely used in MGs for harmonic compensa-
tion (Miveh et al. 2015). Traditional passive filters (PFs)
applied to conventional electrical system can be a way
to improve PQ, although they are not been well explored
in MGs (Das 2004; do Nascimento Alves 2016). A very
effective solution discussed in the literature for harmonic mit-
igation can be obtained through a series connection between
an active and a PF, forming a series hybrid filter (SHF). In this
topology, the PF operates compensating reactive power and
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