On Universal Grammar, the Bioprogram
Hypothesis and Creole Genesis
An interview with Noam Chomsky
Marlyse Baptista*
University of Michigan
1. A prologue
e original purpose of this interview was primarily to address theoretical is-
sues that concern linguists who analyze creole languages within the generative
framework. For instance, creolists whose work straddles the subfields of cre-
olistics and generativism are oſten daunted by the question of whether there is
a real and fundamental distinction between Chomsky’s Universal Grammar and
Bickerton’s Bioprogram Hypothesis. Although the first full-fledged formulation
of the Bioprogram Hypothesis occurred more than two decades ago, in Bickerton
(1981, 1984), this hypothesis is still very much part of the discussion in creolistics,
as attested in DeGraff (1999) and various chapters dedicated to this matter in the
most recent Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies (2008).
is interview offered therefore a platform to discuss this core topic while
addressing a number of distinct but related issues such as the distinction between
I-Language and E-Language, the difference between Chomsky’s poverty of stimu-
lus and Bickerton’s linguistic chaos, theories of markedness, as well as paramet-
ric settings in light of creole languages specifically. e two parameters that were
targeted for discussion in this interview were the word order parameter and the
pro-drop parameter for reasons to be laid out in Section 2.
e original questions that were presented to Noam Chomsky for discussion
are presented below:
* I thank Noam Chomsky for taking the time to grant this interview and for sharing his
thoughts on the issues at hand. I am also indebted to my students at the University of Georgia
and at the University of Michigan for their valuable insight on many of the theoretical issues
addressed in this interview.
Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 27:2 (2012), 351–376. doi 10.1075/jpcl.27.2.06bap
issn 020–0 / e-issn 156–70 © John Benjamins Publishing Company