Vol 9, Issue 6, 2016 Online - 2455-3891 Print - 0974-2441 THE STUDY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BINAHONG LEAVES (ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA [TEN.] STEENIS) AND MULBERRY LEAVES (MORUS NIGRA L.) IN COMBINATION ON HYPERLIPIDEMIC-INDUCED RATS ELIN YULINAH SUKANDAR*, DEWI SAFITRI, NISRINA NUR AINI Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia. Email: elin@fa.itb.ac.id Received: 30 July 2016, Revised and Accepted: 11 August 2016 ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to determine the antihyperlipidemic activity of binahong leaves and murbey leaves extracts in combination. Methods: A total of 28 rats were divided into seven groups: normal, control, simvastatin 3.6 mg/kg bw, binahong leaves extract 100 mg/kg bw (B100), mulberry leaves extract 200 mg/kg bw (M200), combination of binahong extract 50 mg/kg and mulberry 100 mg/kg (B50+M100), and combination of binahong extract 100 mg/kg bw and mulberry 200 mg/kg bw (B100+M200). Hyperlipidemia was induced by giving rats a high-fat diet along with cholesterol (200 mg/kg), cholic acid (0.2% of chow), and propylthiouracil (10 mg/kg bw) for 30 days orally. Then, for the next 14 days, all groups except the control were given the tested substances. Measurement of lipid profile was performed immediately after induction (T0), 7 and 14 days after treatment (T7 and T14, respectively). Results: There were significant differences on a group of M200, B50+M100, and B100+M200 compared to the control group at T14, with the value 33.68%, 34.39 %, and 44.81% (in reduction of total cholesterol [TC]) and 36.86%, 37.16%, and 49.99%, respectively (in reduction of triglyceride [TG]). Conclusion: Group of M200, B50+M100, and B100+M200 reduced TC and TG level remarkably at day 14. The combination of both extract (B100+M200) considerably shows better activity than either binahong extract or mulberry extract. Keywords: Binahong, Murbey, Anredera cordifolia, Morus nigra, Antihyperlipidemia. INTRODUCTION Dyslipidemia is a metabolic syndrome which is characterized by elevations of one or more lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) exceeding the normal range [1]. TC level is considerably in the normal range if the measure is below 200 mg/dl [2]. In 2013, there were approximately 48% people over 20 years old suffer from hyperlipidemia and have TC >200 mg/dL [3]. Meanwhile in Indonesia, according to a survey conducted by Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Basic Health Research) in 2013, there was around 35.9% of Indonesian people over than 15 years old suffers from hyperlipidemia. Poor lifestyle contributes to the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia such as high-fat diet without proper physical activities, sedentary lifestyle, and consuming fast food; in addition, genetic also plays a role in dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is considered as the major health risk attributing to cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, stroke, and coronary heart diseases which may lead to fatality if it is mismanaged [4,5]. Such complications come as the highest mortality in the world. There was approximately 17.5 million death case due to cardiovascular diseases in 2012, which represented about 31% of global proportion. Thus, earlier prevention is very important to reduce the mortality rate caused by these metabolic disorders. A lot of traditional herbs are utilized to treat particular disorders, especially in Indonesia. Indonesia is widely known of its Jamu and other traditional medicine together with China and India. Empirically, there are several plants that are being used by Indonesian in treating hyperlipidemia. Research performed by Lestari [6] and Rahman [7] showed that either binahong leaves extract or mulberry leaves extract was able to reduce lipid profile. However, there is a scientific publication that evaluates the pharmacological effect of both extracts in combination. Thus, in this study, we have examined the effect of binahong leaves and mulberry leaves extract in combination in a rat hyperlipidemia model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Binahong leaves and mulberry leaves were purchased from Manoko, Lembang, Indonesia. The herbs were then determined in the Herbarium Bandungense, ITB, Indonesia. All materials and chemical reagents used in this study were pharmaceutical grade compounds. Animals A total of 28 free pathogen male Wistar rats were provided by D’Wistar, Ciwidey, Bandung. Before the experiment was conducted, rats were acclimatized for 7 days and kept under the standard condition for animal welfare. All procedure in this study has been accepted by the Ethical Commission of Institute Teknologi Bandung. Extract preparation and quality control determination Each herb was air-dried and pulverized before being extracted. Powdered crude herb of binahong and mulberry leaves were then extracted by ethanol 70% and ethanol 95%, respectively, using reflux method for approximately 3 hrs. The procedure was repeated 3 times. Subsequently, each extract was filtered and concentrated using rotary evaporator until viscous extract was obtained. Both extracts were kept at refrigerator 4°C until analyzing time. Both crude herbs and extracts were standardized with regards to quality control published by the WHO [8], which include determination of secondary metabolites: Alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and steroid/triterpenoid. Experimental design Before experiment, all rats were divided randomly into 7 groups (n=4) including normal group, control group, simvastatin 3.6 mg/kg bw Research Article © 2016 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4. 0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.14412