Skin Res. Technol.. 2020;00:1–7. | 1 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/srt
1 | INTRODUCTION
Overall facial skin colour is an important sign of perceived health and
attractiveness.
1
In Asia, fairer skin (or lighter skin tone) epitomizes
the ideal of beauty, it is also traditionally associated with higher so-
cial status and wealth. Skin colour is predetermined by genetic fac-
tors and is influenced by cultural and living habits, ultraviolet (UV)
exposure, climate/seasons and ageing.
2-4
Though there have been
several publications investigating the impact of various factors on
skin colour, to date, there have been no studies investigating the im-
pact of air pollution on skin colour.
Air pollution can damage the skin barrier and there is growing
evidence that air pollution can contribute to skin ageing.
5,6
Sources
of air pollution are varied and can include vehicle exhaust, electric
power plants, industrial facilities, and fossil fuels used for heating.
7
These pollutants can damage skin by various mechanisms which can
lead to skin dryness, loss of firmness, uneven skin tone, fine lines
and wrinkles.
8
Received: 20 May 2020
|
Revised: 28 August 2020
|
Accepted: 5 September 2020
DOI: 10.1111/srt.12953
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The effect of air pollution on the skin colour and tone of
Chinese women: A multicentre cohort study
Alex Nkengne
1
| Julie Robic
1
| Bee Leng Lua
2
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
1
Laboratoires CLARINS I, 5 rue Ampère I
95300 CERGY-PONTOISE CEDEX I FRANCE
I, Pontoise, France
2
Clarins Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
Correspondence
Bee Leng Lua, Clarins Pte Ltd, 3 Killiney
Road, Winsland House 1,#09-03/07,
e239519 Singapore, Singapore.
Email: beeleng.lua@clarins.com
Abstract
Background: Overall facial skin colour is an important sign of perceived health and
attractiveness, is predetermined by genetic factors, and is influenced by cultural and
living habits, ultraviolet (UV) exposure, climate/seasons and ageing. The objective
of this study was to determine the impact of pollution on the skin colour of Chinese
women.
Materials and Methods: A total of 203 Chinese women between 20 and 59 years of
age participated in the study and were selected from two cities with different levels
of air pollution. Skin colour (L*, a* and b* values), melanin and haemoglobin levels
were measured at three sites: the cheek, eye and inner upper arm. Measurements of
the inner upper arm were taken as this area of skin was exposed to air pollutants but
had minimal exposure to UV light.
Results: There were significant differences in skin chromophores between Chinese
women living in two different cities with different levels of pollution. The b* value
(yellowness) was higher in the eye and cheek region, and the a* value (redness) was
lower in the cheek and arm region for women in the moderately polluted city. The
melanin index was significantly higher, and the haemoglobin level was lower for the
eye region for women living in the city with a higher level of air pollution.
Conclusion: This study has shown that air pollution may negatively affect the skin
colour of Chinese women.
KEYWORDS
air pollution, Chinese women, facial skin colour, melanin, skin chromophores