Accepted Article This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/cbdd.13059 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PROF. JOHN BOULOS (Orcid ID : 0000-0001-8561-6418) Article type : Research Article TITLE PAGE TITLE SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL AND FUNCTIONALLY SELECTIVE NON-COMPETITIVE MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS AS CHEMICAL PROBES SHORT TITLE Muscarinic Antagonists as probes KEY WORDS PD- Parkinson Disease GPCR- G-Protein-coupled receptor mAChR- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor PAM- Positive allosteric modulator NMS- N-methylscopolamine AUTHORS John F. Boulos, Department of Physical Sciences, Barry University, Miami Shores, Florida 33161, Tel. 305-899-3432, Fax 305-899-3479, email: jboulos@barry.edu