z Materials Science inc. Nanomaterials & Polymers
Determination of Mechanical Properties of Composite
Supports Used in Catalytic Membranes for Hydrogen
Production and Separation
C. Utku DENİZ and F. Nihal TÜZÜN*
[a]
This study includes the determination of mechanical properties
involving equibiaxial flexural strength, elastic modulus, strain
and hardness for composite supports developed to be used in
catalytic membranes in order to produce and separate hydro-
gen. Composite supports are fabricated by mixing acidic,
neutral and basic activated alumina types and sodium silicate
binder. Three different Si /Al ratios are employed in the study.
After preparing the support samples, they are calcined at the
temperatures of 600
0
C and 1200
0
C for 11 hours and 22 hours
respectively. At the end of calcination, equibiaxial flexural
strength, elastic modulus, strain, hardness and solid density of
supports are tested for both temperatures. Generally, higher
mechanical properties and solid density results are obtained at
600
0
C and it is found that neutral alumina gives the best
mechanical properties and solid density for Si /Al ratio of 0.648
at 600
0
C.
1. Introduction
Development of new support materials in membrane technol-
ogy have a great interest because of their utility in separation
processes showing differences according to industries. Re-
cently, alumina-based ceramic supports have attracted much
attention owing to high-temperature durability, higher me-
chanical strength, easy availability and a smooth surface. These
advantages make them desirable for membrane and catalytic
applications.
[1–4]
Mechanical properties containing flexural strength, com-
pressive strength, hardness and a flexural modulus of supports
are also another significant subject in membrane technology
due to the enhancement of withstanding the stresses occurred
by the pressure difference applied on them.
[5–6]
There are several types of researches in literature dealing
with the mechanical properties of alumina-based ceramic
supports used in membranes and catalytic applications.
[7–11]
However, results attained exhibited discrepancies resulted from
the fabrication method, type of binder employed and sintering
processes in a wide range.
[7–11]
A binder must be used to bring and bind the alumina
particles together for obtaining sufficient mechanical properties
in supports.Amount of binder used is effective in providing
acceptable mechanical strength. Since, small content reduces
the toughness, whereas, excess amount results in blocking the
pores. The most preferred binder in ceramic industry is silica
due to resistivity to high temperature.
[12]
The sintering temperature is also another parameter
affecting the mechanical properties of supports. In general,
flexural strength, flexural modulus and compressive strength
increase as calcination temperature and Si/Al ratio increase in
ceramic type supports fabricated.
[1,7]
It was met with some researches in literature dealing with
the mechanical properties of porous ceramic supports em-
ployed in membranes. Wang et al, Qin et al. and Chang et al.
studied with porous membrane supports especially
alumina,
[13–15]
Namvar-Mahboub et al. developed SiO
2
support,
[16]
while porous silicon carbide ceramic support was
explored by Yang et al.
[17]
It was found that SiO
2
had poor
alkaline resistance and SiC indicated low oxidation and alkali
resistance at high temperatures. Dong et al. and Zhou et al.
investigated porous cordierite supports
[18–20]
and Al
2
O
3
–TiO
2
membrane supports was worked by Qi et al.
[21]
It was detected
that Al
2
O
3
–TiO
2
and cordierite had also poor acid resistance,
demonstrated low mechanical strength. Among those supports,
alumina support took much attention due to its high hardness,
chemical and wear resistance.
[22]
In this study, it was objected to developing alumina
supports having enough mechanical strength in membrane
applications. Even though, a lot of research was made about
supports used in hydrogen production, there was limited
amount of knowledge for mechanical strength of those
supports in literature. This work will provide a contribution to
the literature via filling the gaps about the subject and creates
a difference from other works done. For this reason, three types
of activated alumina(acidic, basic and neutral) were tried with
varying the Si/Al molar ratio at three different content and two
different calcination temperatures. Effect of those variations
and porosity on mechanical properties involving equibiaxial
flexural strength, compression strength, hardness and elastic
modulus were investigated.
[a] Dr. C. U. DENİZ, Prof. Dr. F. N. TÜZÜN
Engineering Faculty of Hitit University, Department of Chemical Engineer-
ing, 19030, ÇORUM, TURKEY
E-mail: nihaltuzun@yahoo.com
Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under
https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201904838
Full Papers DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904838
2892 ChemistrySelect 2020, 5,2892–2901 © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim