Case Studies in Construction Materials 18 (2023) e02160 Available online 21 May 2023 2214-5095/© 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Sustainable cement replacement using waste eggshells: A review on mechanical properties of eggshell concrete and strength prediction using artificial neural network Sagar Paruthi a , Afzal Husain Khan b, * , Ashish Kumar a , Fanish Kumar a , Mohd Abul Hasan c , Hassan M. Magbool b , Mohammad Saood Manzar d a Department of Civil Engineering, DPG Institute of Technology and Management, Gurugram, India b Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, PO Box. 706, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia c Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia d Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31451 Dammam, Saudi Arabia A R T I C L E INFO Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Concrete properties Eggshell powder Sustainability Microstructure, Workability ABSTRACT Though the European Commission classifies eggshell as a hazardous material, using eggshell powder in place of cement can aid in waste reduction and contribute to sustainability initiatives. Eggshell powder replaces cement in concrete manufacturing due to its high calcium content. Eggshell is impermeable in nature, so it helps in reducing the permeability of concrete. Eggshell powder fastens the process of hydration of cement by the formation of monocarboaluminate during the mixing of material at the time of casting. This paper includes a detailed study of the process production of eggshell powder, the properties of eggshell powder concrete, and the relationship between different properties has been determined. In addition, Artifical Neural Network approach has been used to predict the strength of eggshell powder concrete to reduce the labour cost and experimental time. In the end, microstructure of eggshell powder and its appli- cation in various engineering products have been reviewed. After analyzing the qualities of eggshell powder concrete, it was determined that replacing up to 20% of the cement in concrete with eggshell powder increases the material’s strength. The ANN model’s results also demonstrate its effectiveness in forecasting the strength of eggshell powder concrete, with an R 2 value of 0.96. So, it clearly shows that eggshell powder can be used to replace cement to improve the properties of concrete and reduce the percentage of cement usage. Finally, the conclusions and discussion of this study addressed the eco-friendly utilization of eggshell powder in construction applications. Abbreviations: AI, Artificial Intelligence; ANN, Artificial Neural Network; CS, Compressive Strength; STS, Split Tensile Strength; FS, Flexural Strength; LOI, Loss of Ignition; MPa, Mega Pascal; QD, Quarry Dust; GGBS, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag; SCBA, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash; CoS, Copper Slag; XRD, X-Ray Diffraction Analysis; SEM, Scanning Electron Microscope; TGA, Thermogravimetric Analysis; XRF, X-Ray Fluores- cence Analysis; FTIR, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; RMSE, Root Mean Square Error; MAE, Mean Absolute Error; MSE, Mean Square Error; FA, Fly Ash; POFA, Palm Oil Fuel Ash; RHA, Rice Husk Ash; GP, Granite Waste Powder; ESP, Egg Shell Powder; CaCO 3 , Calcium carbonate; Ca (PO 4 ) 2 , Calcium phosphate; MgCO 3 , Magnesium carbonate; SiO 2 , Silicon dioxide; Fe 2 O 3 , Ferric oxide; Na 2 O, Sodium oxide; CaO, Calcium oxide; K 2 O, Potassium oxide; SO 3 , Sulfur trioxide; TiO 2 , Titanium dioxide; MgO, Magnesium oxide; CO 2 , Carbon dioxide. * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: amuafzal@gmail.com, ahkhan@jazanu.edu.sa (A.H. Khan). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Case Studies in Construction Materials journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cscm https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02160 Received 22 March 2023; Received in revised form 9 May 2023; Accepted 20 May 2023