www.nursingmanagement.com Nursing Management • April 2012 19
Evidence-based nursing
B
road demands for improving healthcare
quality underscore the importance of
evidence-based practice (EBP) as a solution
to achieve safe and effective care. New
resources are now in place to hasten delivery on
the promise of EBP: the ACE Star Model of Knowl-
edge Transformation and the Improvement Science
Research Network. Nurse managers must know
how to integrate these resources for employing
EBP and conducting improvement research in
their clinical settings.
The struggle of uptake
As we examine whether we’re transforming the
quality of care, we encounter many indicators
showing that we haven’t. Errors and ineffective
care are still at
unacceptable
levels. There’s
broad agreement
among clinicians,
researchers, health
plans, and quality
improvement
professionals
about the urgent
need to accelerate the uptake of evidence-based
findings and tools into practice. At the same
time, there’s considerable uncertainty about the
most effective mechanisms for doing so. Two
key factors can lessen this struggle: (1) transfor-
mation of research results to yield “forms” of
knowledge specifically designed for clinical
application and (2) discovery of “what works”
in promoting EBP uptake to speed adoption of
improvement changes.
Two resources are hastening the uptake of
EBP and adding to our knowledge about how
this uptake occurs through rigorous study of
improvement strategies. The ACE Star Model of
Knowledge Transformation addresses the forms
of knowledge needed for EPB uptake, and the
new Improvement Science Research Network
provides a platform for acute care settings to join
together to conduct landmark studies evaluating
improvement strategies.
The ACE Star Model
To engage clinicians and managers in EBP,
the nature of knowledge (evidence) must be
directly relevant to decision making for their
particular practice. Rather than having practitio-
ners submersed in the volume of research, it
would be better to provide a summary of all
that’s known on the topic. Likewise, rather than
requiring frontline decision makers to master the
technical expertise needed in scientific critique,
their point-of-care decisions would be better
supported by evidence-based recommendations.
The ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transforma-
tion offers a simple yet comprehensive approach
to translate evidence into practice.
1
The Star Model
highlights barriers encountered when moving
evidence into practice and explains how various
stages of knowledge transformation reduce the
volume of scientific literature, providing forms of
knowledge that can be directly incorporated into
care and decision making.
The Star Model emphasizes crucial steps to
convert one form of knowledge to the next and
incorporates best research evidence with clinical
expertise and patient preferences. Illustrated as a
five-point star, the model defines the following
forms of knowledge: Point 1: Discovery, repre-
senting primary research studies; Point 2:
Evidence Summary, which is the synthesis of
all available knowledge compiled into a single
harmonious statement such as a systematic
review; Point 3: Translation, often referred to
as evidence-based clinical practice guidelines,
combining the evidential base and expertise to
extend recommendations; Point 4: Integration,
which is considered evidence-in-action, in which
practice is aligned to reflect best evidence; and
Point 5: Evaluation, which is an inclusive view
of the impact that the EBP has on patient health
By Kathleen R. Stevens, EdD, RN, ANEF, FAAN
Delivering on the promise of EBP
The challenge of conducting
research in a clinical
setting is real and
significant.
Copyright © 2012 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.