Description of a new needle nematode, Paralongidorus koreana n. sp., and two known Xiphinema spp. cobb, 1913, from turfgrass in Korea Abraham Okki Mwamula & Wilfrida Decraemer & Yeong Ho Kim & Hyoung-Rai Ko & Heebeen Na & Young Ho Kim & Dong Woon Lee Accepted: 4 September 2019 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2019 Abstract A new needle nematode, Paralongidorus koreana n. sp., recovered from rhizosphere of Poa pratensis and Zoysia japonica from Korea, is described and illustrated based on inferences from morphological and molecular data. Additionally, the existence and taxonomic status of X. diffusum and X. insigne in Korea is also duly confirmed. Phylogenetic inferences were based on an integrative approach considering the anal- yses of the 28S rRNA, ITS1 rRNA, SSU rRNA and the partial COI gene sequences. The new species is charac- terized by medium body length (4.2–5.5 mm); lip region rounded, slightly set off from the body by a shallow indentation, 15.0–18.3 μm wide; amphidial fovea stirrup shaped; guiding ring anteriorly positioned (28.6–33.6 μm from anterior end); odontostyle moder- ately long (99.4–109.7 μm); tail short (34.0–43.5 μm), hemispherical to bluntly rounded. Males rare in popula- tion. Spicules moderate, 70 μm long; 13 irregular spaced ventromedian precloacal supplements anterior to the adanal pair; four juvenile developmental stages clearly distinguishable. The new species is morpholog- ically similar to P. bikanerensis, P. inagreinus, P. hanliae, P. spasskii, P. nudus, P. indicus and P. sali but differs from all, either by lip region shape and width, amphidial fovea shape, body and odontostyle length, female tail length and shape or spicule length. Sequence data analyses from amplified regions suggest that it’sa sister species to P. bikanerensis and P. sali, and the three species are consistently placed in a clade outside the main clade for Paralongidorus. Xiphinema insigne and X. diffusum DNA sequences were similar to the respec- tive species sequences available in GenBank. Keywords 18S . D2-D3 . ITS1 . CO1 . Morphology . Xiphinema insigne . Xiphinema diffusum Introduction The family Longidoridae is composed of polyphagous plant ectoparasites, several of which have a direct agri- cultural economic importance as plant pathogens and plant virus vectors (Taylor and Brown 1997; Decraemer and Chaves 2012). It is the only family of plant-parasitic nematodes within the subclass Dorylaimia; and Eur J Plant Pathol https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01846-4 A. O. Mwamula : H. Na : D. W. Lee (*) Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, South Korea e-mail: whitegrub@knu.ac.kr A. O. Mwamula Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda W. Decraemer Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Y. H. Kim : Y. H. Kim School of Ecological Environment and Tourism, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, South Korea H.<R. Ko Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, South Korea