Technol Econ Smart Grids Sustain Energy (2017) 2: 15 DOI 10.1007/s40866-017-0033-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Distributed Energy Management of PV-Storage Systems for Voltage Rise Mitigation Bananeh Ansari 1 · Marcelo G. Simoes 1 Received: 18 August 2016 / Accepted: 28 August 2017 / Published online: 8 September 2017 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 Abstract This paper develops a distributed consensus- based energy management scheme (EMS) for multiple pho- tovoltaics+energy storage systems (PV+ESS) connected to a smart distribution network. First, each customer individ- ually determines the optimal size and initial scheduling of ESS to be installed in parallel with PV over a day- ahead planning horizon. The objective of installing ESS is to reduce the electricity bill while minimizing ESS aging effect. Then, after the day-ahead planning, customers man- age their system in a near real-time fashion to account for voltage conditions in order to avoid voltage-rise-associated curtailments. Customers along the feeder communicate with each other and exchange information about voltage devi- ation at their nodes in order to reach a consensus about average voltage situation in the distribution network. Based on voltage situation, EMS updates the lower bound on net power exchange with the grid for the hour ahead. Also, an iterative method is proposed to determine the lifetime of ESS and the economic benefits gained over the life- time. Simulation results for IEEE 33-bus test system prove the effectiveness of the proposed EMS and its financial viability. Keywords Energy management · Energy storage · Distribution networks · Photovoltaics · Voltage rise mitigation  Bananeh Ansari bansari@mines.edu 1 1600 Illinois St., Golden, CO 80401, USA Nomenclature Electric Power Distribution System t Time step [h] for day-ahead planning, [yr] for economic analysis T Planning horizon [h] π t Electricity price [$/kWh] λ Unit cost of storage [$/kWh] ζ B Aging coefficient η B Battery round-trip efficiency C B,nom Battery nominal capacity [kWh] C B t Effective battery capacity [kWh] C B t Battery capacity degradation [kWh] P net t Net real power purchase from the grid [kW] P B + t Battery charge rate measured at the output of the converter [kW] P B − t Battery discharge rate measured at the output of the converter [kW] E B t Stored energy in the battery [kWh] s B t Battery state-of-charge (SOC) d B Battery minimum depth-of-discharge (DOD) P PV t PV power generation [kW] P D t Real power demand [kW] i Node index N Total number of nodes in the distribution network V max Maximum allowable voltage [p.u.] V t,i Node voltage [p.u.] δV t,i Voltage deviation [p.u.] δ V t Average voltage deviation from [p.u.] Multi-agent System k Dynamic system time step i Agent index