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Chapter 2
31
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5091-4.ch002
ABSTRACT
The optimization problems are the problem of finding the best parameter values
which optimize the objective functions. The optimization methods are divided into
two types: deterministic and non-deterministic methods. Metaheuristic algorithms
fall in the non-deterministic solution methods. Prey-predator algorithm is one of
the well-known metaheuristic algorithms developed for optimization problems. It
has gained popularity within a short time and is used in different applications,
and it is an easy algorithm to understand and also to implement. The grey systems
theory was initialized as uncertain systems. Each grey system is described with grey
numbers, grey equations, and grey matrices. A grey number has uncertain value,
but there is an interval or a general set of numbers, within that the value lies is
known. In this chapter, the author will review and show that grey system modeling
is very useful to use with prey-predator algorithm. The benchmark functions, grey
linear programming, and grey model GM (1,1) are used as examples of grey system.
INTRODUCTION
The grey systems theory is designed to study uncertain systems which focus on the
incomplete information that is due to small samples and poor information (Julong,
1982, 1989; K. Li, Liu, Zhai, Khoshgoftaar, & Li, 2016; Liu & Forrest, 2010;
Liu, Yang, & Forrest, 2017). Grey systems have incomplete parameters, structure,
or boundary of systems (Liu & Forrest, 2010; Y. Yang, 2010). They have been
Grey Optimization Problems
Using Prey-Predator Algorithm
Nawaf N. Hamadneh
Saudi Electronic University, Saudi Arabia