Development of the Corporate Bond market in India: an Empirical
and Policy Analysis
Sunder Raghavan
1+
and Daniel Sarwono
2
1
Dept. of Finance, Economics and Information Systems, College of Business, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
University
2
College of Business, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
Abstract. This study is a pioneering study on the factors influencing the corporate bond market in India.
Important aims of this study are to trace the development of corporate bond markets in India, identify factors
which have influenced its development and suggest policy reforms to enhance its development. Based on
multivariate regression analysis this paper analyses the factors that have influenced the development of the
corporate bond markets in India. Our results show that while the growth of the government bond market has
been a major positive influence in the development of the corporate bond markets in India, bank lending in
India may have slowed the development of the corporate bond market. Other factors such as the size of the
economy, openness, size of the stock market and institutional factors like corruption have had little or no
impact on the development of the corporate bond market. Based on our study we suggest policy reforms to
improve the corporate bond market in India. Suggested policy reforms includes improving the retail
investment markets through issue of Swadeshi or patriotic bonds, encouraging foreign participation by
relaxing regulations and providing tax incentives, providing credit enhancements and introduction of new
instruments such as credit default swaps and corporate repos.
Keywords: Capital Markets, Corporate Bond Market, India, Emerging Markets.
1. Introduction
Jiang, Tang and Law point out that one of the principal benefits of a well developed corporate bond
market is to provide an effective alternative source of financing to bank financing [1]. Further,
Luengnaruemitchai and Ong in their IMF working paper feel that core aspects such as benchmarking,
corporate governance and disclosure, credit risk pricing, the availability of reliable trading systems, and the
development of hedging instruments are fundamental for improving the breadth and depth of corporate debt
markets [2]. A well-developed domestic capital market consists of the equity market and the bond market.
While India boasts of a world-class equity market its bond market is still underdeveloped and is dominated
by the government bond market. For instance, the value of outstanding government bonds in India was 39.5%
of GDP as of 2010 and compares favorably with other Asian countries such as China (27.6%) and South
Korea (47.2%). The value of corporate bond outstanding in India however was only 1.6% of GDP in 2010
compared to Malaysia (27%) and South Korea (37.8%) at the end of 2010. Torre, Gozzi and Schmulker
argue that there are two basic approaches to develop capital markets in general in emerging markets [3]. The
first view explains the gap between expectations and observed outcomes due to the combination of
impatience with imperfect and incomplete reform efforts. The second view; is similar to the view taken by
the Committee for Financial Sector Reform in India (CSFR), which is to get a number of other policy
developments and missing markets need to be created before the corporate bond markets can develop in a
country [4]. The objective of this policy paper is twofold. First it traces the development of the corporate
bond market in India and conducts an empirical analysis of the factors influencing these developments.
+
E-mail address: ragha8d6@erau.edu
2012 International Conference on Economics and Finance Research
IPEDR Vol.32 (2012) © (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore
49