e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal ) Volume:04/Issue:10/October-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science [785] SIMPLE AND LOW COST IRRIGATION SYSTEMS FOR (SMALL SCALES) IN ARID REGIONS OF SINDH, PAKISTAN Jahangeer Dahri *1 , Zhongsheng Guo *2 , Zahir Muhammad Larik *3 , K. Rehman Bhutto *4 , A. Rahim Junejo *5 , Jamshed Ali Channa *6 *1,3,4,5,6 Faculy Of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan 70060. *2 Institite Of Soil And Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture And Forestry University, Yangling, China 712100. DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS30636 ABSTRACT It is estimated that around 62% of the geographical location of Sindh is arid, including Thar Kohistan and Nara, along with a large area of the coastal belt (350km) and rural areas. Prevailing droughts in arid and semi-arid regions of Sindh are increasing day by day. After using a huge amount of water from the Indus river, a small amount of water will be left at canal heads and most of this will perish en route to remote villages of Sindh. Hardly a few thousand cusecs will be available at the distal ends of water distributaries, sufficient only for drinking purposes. Drip, sprinkler, bubbler, and other modern irrigation methods are expensive to install and maintain, and they require skilled labor to operate and maintain. Hence, there is a broad need for simple, small- scale, efficient, low-cost, and locally-made irrigation methods, from which farmers can get a high yield with a small amount of water. Some of those methods, like the Pitcher and Wick irrigation systems, are reviewed in this paper. The results showed that pitcher and wick irrigation are two of the low-cost, efficient, water-saving, easy-to-maintain methods which can be significantly used in the arid regions of Sindh, Pakistan for small-scale farming, vegetables, and small crops. Keywords: Pitcher Irrigation, Wick Irrigation, Water Conservation Methods, Low Cost Irrigation Systems. I. INTRODUCTION It is estimated that around 62% of geographical location of Sindh is Arid, Thar Kohistan and Nara, beside a large area under coastal belt (350km) and rural areas.  Total Area = 14.09 Million Hectare  Cultivated Area = 04.87 Million Hectare (35%)  Un-cultivated Area = 06.77 Million Hectare (48%)  Forest Area = 01.03 Million Hectare (7%)  Culture able Waste = 01.42 Million Hectare (10%) The economic development of Sindh largely depends on progress and high-quality development in agriculture sector. This province contributes significantly towards overall national agriculture production (Agriculture Department Sindh 2021). Prevailing droughts in arid and semi-arid regions of Sindh are increasing day by day, and they are having negative impacts on the province as well as the country’s economy. Sindh is ominously facing a decrease in production each year due to non-availability of irrigation water for cash and small crops. After using a huge amount of water from the Indus river, a small amount of water will be left at canal-heads and most of this will perish en route to remote villages of Sindh; hardly a few thousand cusecs will be available at distal ends of water distributaries, sufficient only for drinking purposes (Talpur et al., 2001). Innovative irrigation methods are needed for successful crop productivity. Modern irrigation methods such as sprinkler and subsurface drip irrigation can save about half the amount of irrigation water, but technical, economic and socio-cultural factors prevent the adoption of these technologies. Thus, traditional and low-cost water-saving technologies need to be adapted for sustainable crop production in semi-arid and arid regions,