472 Copyright © 2020, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 22 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1241-8.ch022 ABSTRACT The presented results reflect the researches carried out over the last decade, having as their object the soil, water, vegetal raw materials, and wines from the Republic of Moldova. The analysis of the possible anthropogenic contamination (NAA method) demonstrated the absence of systematic soil pollution. A total of 30 elements were determined in soil samples and the soil-leaves-fruit transfer factors were calculated. Approximately 3000 samples of local wines have been analysed to determine the residual quantities of pesticides. POPs were not found in any of the wine samples. In most of the examined cases (> 60% of samples), the lack of organic pesticide residues was observed. The migration of phthalates into different solutions from polymeric materials (PVC, rubber) and the influence of the temperature on the extraction rate were investigated. It has been shown that the contamination with phthalate residues occurs predominantly at the stage of grape processing, technological treatment, and storage. INTRODUCTION Food is a system that is closely related to the individual and it is the fundamental biological link of man to the environment (Weiss, 2016). Thus, any environmental disturbance finds the ideal way to reach man via food. A characteristic of food products is the wide variety of factors that can influence safety and hygienic quality (Mylona, 2016). In a brief classification, they can be distributed as follows: biologi- cal pollution agents, pollution and chemical contamination agents, natural toxic substances and toxic compounds formed by food processing. The main agents that can reduce or even annihilate food safety, with varying degrees of harmfulness and extremely random penetration, can be synthesized in the following groups (Sturza, 2017): Ecological Chemistry Aspects of Food Safety Rodica Sturza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-5874 Technical University of Moldova, Moldova