Vol.:(0123456789)
Natural Hazards
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04308-x
1 3
ORIGINAL PAPER
Multicriteria seismic hazard assessment in Puerto Vallarta
metropolitan area, Mexico
Karen L. Flores
1
· Christian R. Escudero
1
· Araceli Zamora‑Camacho
1
Received: 15 October 2019 / Accepted: 4 September 2020
© Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract
Puerto Vallarta, a medium-size tourist city, located in the Pacific Coast of Mexico, in a
similar way as many other coastal cities, combines human activity with the potential occur-
rence of natural hazard events. In this way, the use of new tools to evaluate the impact of
such events seems imperative. Puerto Vallarta is located within a tectonic setting where the
Rivera microplate subducts beneath the North American plate and is affected by seismic
activity. We performed a seismic hazard assessment by implementing a GIS-based mul-
ticriteria evaluation model. The seismic microzonation map of Puerto Vallarta was per-
formed using a criteria set of six thematic layers, i.e., peak ground acceleration values, soil,
bedrock, slope gradient, curvature, and flow accumulation. We performed the integration
of the criteria set by implementing the Analytical Hierarchy Process to assign a weight
to each criterion according to its contribution to the seismic hazard, i.e., PGA (0.38), soil
(0.25), rock (0.14), curvature (0.10), slope (0.08), and flow accumulation (0.07). The the-
matic maps were integrated using GIS according to the normalized weights. We classified
the seismic hazard microzonation of Puerto Vallarta into five hazard levels, i.e., low (18%),
low-medium (28%), medium (22%), medium–high (20%), and high (12%). The map shows
heterogeneous distribution over the territory. However, the study area can be divided into
three zones, i.e., the northern mountainous area, the Ameca River Valley, and the southern
mountainous area. There is an overall increment of seismic hazard from south to north.
However, the highest seismic hazard levels dominate the Rio Ameca Valley showing that it
is more susceptible to deposits of soft sediment and thus can be affected in the occurrence
of a major earthquake. The main objective of this paper was to implement a technique to
quickly estimating seismic hazards levels using available data when there is no sophisti-
cated geophysical and engineering analysis. Using the GIS-based multicriteria techniques
in seismic hazard assessment allows to elucidated areas where factors influencing surface
response to earthquakes interact and raise the soil amplification susceptibility.
Keywords Seismic hazard · Multicriteria evaluation · Mexico
* Christian R. Escudero
christian.escudero@cuc.udg.mx
1
Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, C.P. 48280 Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco,
Mexico