Int J Cur Res Rev | Vol 13 • Issue 19 • October 2021 76 Cytological Patterns of Cervical Smear Seen at Federal Medical Centre Asaba, Delta State in Nigeria Anibor Ese 1 , Obaroefe Martins 1 , Jaiyeoba-Ojigho Efe Jennifer 1 , Maidoh Maryjoy Anene 1 1 Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka. Corresponding Author: Obaroefe Martins, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka. Phone: +234-7038890225; E-mail: obaromartins@yahoo.com ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print) ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online) Received: 10.01.2021 Revised: 12.03.2021 Accepted: 18.05.2021 Published: 11.10.2021 INTRODUCTION The cervix as an anatomical organ is made up of tissues that are primarily composed of cells; such tissues include the endocervical mucosa, a conglomerate of single-layer columnar mucous cells. These cells have the necessary amount of mucus required for lubrication of cervical walls during copulation. 1 The ectocervix is also another tissue present in the cervix which consists of non-keratinized squamous epithelium which joins with the vaginal wall, this tissue helps prevent erosion of cells in the ectocervi- cal region of the cervix. 1, 2 The cervix has fibrous tissue such as elastin (which provides the elastic properties of the cervix), collagen (which provide the structural rigidity and strength of the cervix). 1 The cervix is structurally the link/passage between the uterus and vagina. 2 Its neurovascular supply entails the uterine ar- tery, uterine vein, external iliac lymph nodes and lastly the pelvic splanchnic nerve. 3 It functions as a pathway for sperm entry to the uterus during copulation and also in childbirth. 2 The cervix like all structures of the human body is also pre- disposed to abnormal cell growth of which cervical cancer is the most common condition as regards the cytological disor- ders of the cervix. 4 Examples of such cytological disorders of the cervix are as follows: atypical glandular cell, (glandular cell of cervix de- viation from the normal cytological structure/pattern of glan- dular cell in cervix, studies conducted by several researchers it was observed that atypical glandular cell had an incidence Original Article International Journal of Current Research and Review DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2021.131905 IJCRR Section: Healthcare ISI Impact Factor (2019-20): 1.628 IC Value (2019): 90.81 SJIF (2020) = 7.893 Copyright@IJCRR ABSTRACT Introduction: The cervical smear test is the most commonly carried out cytology test for women and has been proven to help identify the emergence of cancer in the cervix. Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating various cytological patterns as well as their relationship with age. Methodology: This study employed a retrospective study design. Purposive sampling was used to collect the histological results of 82 patients seen for 4 years at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Asaba, Delta State in Nigeria. Ethical approval was sought from the Research and Ethics Committee of the Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka in Nigeria. Data collected were analyzed via the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 23), Chi-square test was adopted to help determine the association between observed variables. Results: Findings from this study showed patients with the ages of 31-40 years (42.7%) being the most frequently affected with cytological cervical disorders while the least was those within the ages of 41-50 years (28.0%). The preponderance of cervical smear of normal cervical lesions (61.0%) ranked the highest which was followed by Inflammatory cells (20.7%) with the least been squamous cells (1.2%). It was also evaluated from the findings that no significant association existed between age and cervical lesion patterns (p=0.732). Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that patients within the ages of 31-40 years of age (42.7%) have a high sus- ceptibility to cytological cervical disorders compared to other age groups. The inflammatory cell pattern was the most commonly observed cytological disorder of the cervix while the least was squamous cell carcinoma. The pattern of cervical smear was not notably associated with the age of the patients. Key Words: Asaba, Cytological, Cervical, Patterns, Smear