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TOWARD MEASUREMENT OF THIN FILM PROPERTIES BY ENHANCED MOIRE
INTERFEROMETRY
Arkady S. Voloshin, Fazil Erdogan and Leng-Tsun Tsai
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
18015
ABSTRACT
Growing use of thin films in encapsulated integrated circuits(IC's) necessitated new
developments in measurement of their mechanical properties in-situ. This can be done by a
hybrid analytical experimental approach. The films are approximated by orthotropic
membranes and the substrate is assumed to be an elastic continuum. It can be shown that
power of stress singularity is a function of geometry and film/substrate material properties. By
loading the sample and measuring actual displacement field in the close proximity to the crack
or edge, one can evaluate the needed properties.
The technique used to measure full field displacements is enhanced moire' interferometry.
It is based on the formation of fringes by the coexistence of light wave fronts diffracted from
a specimen grating of high frequency. These specimen gratings are created on the specimen
surface using a replication technique from a specially prepared mold. Two beams of coherent
laser light illuminate the specimen grating obliquely to create a virtual reference grating in front
of the specimen. The frequency f of this grating is chosen to be 2400 lines/ mm, this
corresponds to a sensitivity of 0.417 plk per fringe order. When the specimen is deformed the
interference pattern (moire' fringes) is formed and collected by a video camera connected to
a PC-based digital image processor. Analysis of the moire pattern results in full field
displacement.
INTRODUCTION
Dielectric and metallic thin films continue to be one of the common features of the
integrated circuits (IC's). The residual stresses may be developed during film processing and
cooling or as a result of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the film
and substrate. Since residual stresses are often responsible for cracking and/or delamination
many efforts were contributed to evaluation of those stresses [1,2,3]. However, in all those and
similar works one quietly assumes that all necessary material properties of the films involved
are known or easily available form the literature. It is true that one can get some numbers
from the reference books, however the main problem is that those numbers were obtained either
from a bulk material or from films removed from substrate and subjected to mechanical
loading. While those results provide correct mechanical properties, they are characteristic only
of the bulk material or the sample removed from the substrate.
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 203. ©1991 Materials Research Society