International Journal of Engineering Works ISSN-p: 2521-2419 ISSN-e: 2409-2770 Vol. 6, Issue 04, PP. 126-131, April 2019 https://www.ijew.io/ © Authors retain all copyrights 2019 IJEW. This is an open access article distributed under the CC-BY License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Novel Light Trapping in Thin Film Solar Cells with Nano Particles and Integrated Diffraction Grating Fazal E Hilal 1 , Adnan Daud Khan 2 , Muhammad Noman 3 , Fazal E Subhan 4 , Mohsin Hamid 5 , Aimal Daud Khan 6 1,2,3,4,5 University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan, U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E) 6 Sarhad University of Science and Information Tecnology (SUIT) fazal.hilal@gmail.com 1 , adnan.daud@uetpeshawar.edu.pk 2 , muhammad.noman@uetpeshawar.edu.pk 3 , fsubhan@asu.edu 4 , mohsinhamid66@gmail.com 5 , aimaldawoodkhan@gmail.com 6 Received: 26 March, Revised: 03 April, Accepted: 05 April Abstract— To over come the lower absorption of solar radiation in thin film solar cell a novel technique of combining metallic grating and metallic nano particle is presented. The increase in absorption is associated with localized surface Plasmon’s resonance that depends on many factors ranging from the size of nano particle to its shape, material of nano particle, polarization of light and the medium of enviroment in which the solar cell is placed. The solar cell is designed in COMSOL Multiphysics environment which uses the numerical finite element method (FEM). The enhancement of absorption of spectral density in the solar radiation is demonstrated, theoretically. The collective oscillaton of the metallic nano particles and metallic grating produces individual electric field thus interacting with each other to produce higher modes of excitation. This collective mode supports the dark modes of nano partiles which is very useful for harnessing the long range of radiation. To reduce reflection from the top of solar cell, anti reflection coating is provided at the top whereas the back of solar cell is made of metallic reflector aluminium. The different simulations reveals that the antireflection coating has negligent effect on the absorption of solar cell by using the integrated structure of metallic grating and nano particles. Moreover, this approach is suited for thin film solar cell which will absorb more radiations due to the multiple peaks in the spectrum of the aforementioned proposed structure. Keywords— Thin Film Solar Cells, Light Trapping, Anti Reflective Coating, Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance, Nano Particles, Grating. I. INTRODUCTION Photovoltaic (PV) is the process of converting light into electricity by utilizing solar cells. When light strikes a semiconductor material, photons are absorbed inside the semiconductor and create electron-hole (e-h) pairs which are directed to negative and positive terminals of the cell. Photovoltaic impact was first discovered by a French physicist, Becquerel, in 1839, while conducting various experiments using metal cathodes in an electrolyte. In 1877, Adams and Day concluded that the emanated selenium anodes produced electricity. In 1904, Albert Einstein clarified the hypothesis of the marvel behind PV impact, which was tentatively demonstrated by Robert Millikan in 1916. Decades after revelation of Jan Czochralski's technique to develop mono crystalline silicon, in 1954, Bells' research center designed designing the first crystalline silicon solar cell with 6% efficiency. In early days, solar cell efficiency was very low because of a lesser amount of absorption of light and amount of reflected light from the solar cell. To overcome these problems antireflection coating (ARC) was used, but it also contained many shortcomings. The concept of surface texturing was bobbed up as a result, which further enhanced the efficiency of solar cells. In the last decade, many ligh-trapping strategies have been explored, among which a run of the mill case is utilizing a pyramidal surface texture [1]. But, such technique is feasible for solar cells which have thicker light absorber layer than the spectrum of visible light. The enhanced light catching is adjusted by the surface roughness. It is almost an indistinguishable request from the film width and by the enhanced surface recombination, because of the bigger surface area. Lately, much consideration has been given to light coupling in solar cells with the plan of improving absorption and henceforth photogeneration inside the cell [2,3]. Empowering light catching into the light absorbing layer solar cell having less width and has reliably drawn an expanding measure of consideration. Nanostructures made of metals, which support surface plasmons are employed nowadays [4]. Electron motions which proliferate along the border amid a metal and a semiconductor or dielectric material, is known as surface plasmons. In addition, electromagnetic field is unequivocally bound at the metal/dielectric or semiconductor edge, with their power having an exponential reliance on the separation far from the interface by surface plasmons. In this manner, through excitation of SPs, near-field electromagnetic field boosting and the upgraded scattering cross area (SCS) can be attained [14-21]. Larger electrical field will lead to more absorption and a bigger SCS will divert the falling sunlight amount into the retaining layer. These two things will bring about a substantially more light retention in a considerably more slender semiconductor layer. Thus, both restricted or