70 Int. J. Computer Applications in Technology, Vol. 55, No. 1, 2017
Copyright © 2017 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
Simulation model of pedestrians swarm in
evacuation situations
Olfa Beltaief*
Research Group GR2IA,
University of Tunis,
Tunis, Tunisia
Email: Beltaief.olfa@gmail.com
*Corresponding author
Sameh El Hadouaj
Research Group GR2IA,
Higher Colleges of Technology,
Abu Dhabi, UAE
Email: hadouaj@yahoo.fr
Khaled Ghedira
Research Group GR2IA,
University of Tunis,
Tunis, Tunisia
Email: khaled.ghedira@isg.rnu.tn
Abstract: A swarm of pedestrians is a large group of individual agents that use autonomous
coordination via local control laws. Their emergent behaviour allows crowds to have patterns
which are not externally planned. Researchers prove that a crowd in emergency situations has a
well-determined emergent behaviour. The pedestrian crowd simulation systems in case of
emergency must have these emergent behaviours in order to prove its effectiveness. For this
purpose we have created the E-PHuNAC model (Evacuation-Personalities’ Human’s Nature of
Autonomous Crowds). Our model takes into account the three main perspectives for
understanding the behaviour of crowds in an evacuation. Indeed, we have considered the
normative affiliation, social identity and panic. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the
effectiveness of the E-PHuNAC model and also prove that the swarm behaviour of pedestrians’
agents in this model allows the emergence of these global patterns. The conducted experiments
are consistent with reality and can reproduce evacuation phenomena.
Keywords: simulation model; multi-agent; pedestrian crowd; evacuation; panic; emergent
behaviours.
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Beltaief, O., El Hadouaj, S. and Ghedira, K.
(2017) ‘Simulation model of pedestrians swarm in evacuation situations’, Int. J. Computer
Applications in Technology, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp.70–77.
Biographical notes: Olfa Beltaief has received the Bachelor degree in Mathematics in 2004, the
Mastery degree in Management Computer (ISG-Tunisia) in 2008, and the Master degrees in
Management Computer (ISG-Tunisia) in 2011. She has taught in the Higher Institute of
Management of Tunis for one year (2010). She has taught in the Higher Institute of Applied
Studies in Humanities of Tunis for four years (2011–2015). She was research fellow in SOIE
Laboratory whose specialty is artificial intelligence. She is specialised in the research of multi-
agent simulations.
Sameh El Hadouaj received the BEng degree in Automatic Control from Wuhan University of
Technology, China, in 1982. She received the MSc degree in Automatic Control from Shandong
University of Science and Technology, China, in 1985 and received the PhD degree in Non-
Linear Uncertain System Control from Coventry University, UK, in 1995. Currently, she is a
Reader with the Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. Her main research interests include non-linear system control,
system modelling and identification, power systems, energy efficient systems and applications of
intelligent algorithms.