Page 1 of 3 Licensee OAPL (UK) 2014. Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY) FOR CITATION PURPOSES: Shetty SD, Nayak SB, Madhav V, Abhinitha P, Braganza CS. Long brachioradialis muscle: A case report. OA Case Reports 2014 Apr 19;3(4):40. Case report Competing interests: None declared. Conflict of interests: None declared. All authors contributed to conception and design, manuscript preparation, read and approved the final manuscript. All authors abide by the Association for Medical Ethics (AME) ethical rules of disclosure. Anatomy Long brachioradialis muscle: A case report SD Shetty 1 , SB Nayak 1* , V Madhav 1 , A Padavinangady 1 , CS Braganza 2 Abstract Introduction The brachioradialis muscle originates from the upper part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus. Variations in its origin are very rare. The aim of this case report is to inform anatomists and clinicians about the presence of an unusually long brachioradialis muscle and about its clinical implication. Case report We observed the presence of a very long brachioradialis muscle in the left upper limb of an adult male cadaver. The brachioradialis muscle took its origin from the entire length of the lateral supracondylar line and merged with the insertion of the deltoid muscle. Posteriorly some of the deltoid fibres continued into the brachioradialis muscle and anteriorly fleshy fibres of the brachialis muscle directly continued with brachioradialis muscle. Conclusion The knowledge of such a type of variation is important for anatomists, surgeons and orthopaedicians. Introduction Brachioradialis is one of the muscles of the forearm that flexes the arm at the elbow and helps in supination and pronation. It is the most superficial muscle along the radial side of the forearm. It forms the lateral border of the cubital fossa. It arises from proximal 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus and from the anterior surface of the lateral intermuscular septum. The muscle fibres end above the mid forearm level in a flat tendon which inserts on the lateral side of the distal end of the radius, just proximal to the styloid process 1 . Sometimes, an additional head of brachioradialis arises from the lower part of the brachialis muscle 2 . The brachioradialis muscle is often fused proximally with brachialis. Its tendon may divide into two or three separately attached slips. In rare instances it is double or absent. Its radial attachment may be much more proximal than the base of the styloid process 1 . Presence of brachioradialis accessorius is one of the very rare muscular variations of the brachioradialis muscle 3 . The aim of this report is to bring awareness among the surgeons about possibility of such an additional muscle which can be used in muscle grafts. Case report During routine dissection classes for undergraduate medical students, we noted a very long brachioradialis muscle in the left upper limb of an adult male cadaver. The brachioradialis muscle took its origin from the entire length of the lateral supracondylar line and merged with the insertion of the deltoid muscle. Some of the deltoid fibres continued into the brachioradialis muscle (Figure 1 and Figure 2). Anteriorly some fleshy fibres of the brachialis muscle directly continued with the brachioradialis muscle. Distally, the muscle formed the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa and its tendon was inserted to the base of the styloid process of the radius. It was supplied by a branch of the radial nerve. There were no other notable variations in the limb. Discussion Proper knowledge of muscular variations is essential not only for anatomists but also for surgeons. Such muscular variations may lead to error in both diagnosis and treatment. In the present case the brachioradialis muscle *Corresponding author Email: nayaksathish@gmail.com 1 Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka State, INDIA 2 Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Gene Therapy, Neuromuscular Division Columbus, OHIO Figure 1: Dissection of the left upper limb (anterolateral view) showing the long brachioradialis (BR) muscle. Note its high origin and fusion with the deltoid (D). Biceps brachii (B), brachial artery (BA) and common extensor tendon (CET ) can also be seen.