Vol.:(0123456789) International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-019-00063-y 1 3 REGULAR PAPER Power Consumption Assessment of Machine Tool Feed Drive Units Hae‑Sung Yoon 1  · Jang‑Yeob Lee 2  · Min‑Soo Kim 2  · Eunseob Kim 2  · Yong‑Jun Shin 2  · Sung‑Yong Kim 2  · Sangkee Min 3  · Sung‑Hoon Ahn 2,4 Received: 12 May 2018 / Revised: 2 July 2018 / Accepted: 18 July 2018 © Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2019 Abstract Numerous efforts have been made to assess and model the power consumption of machining process, which has led to many standards for energy labeling of machine tools. However, more investigation is required to improve the applicability of these standards because the energy patterns of machines vary widely with respect to the machine type, size, and configura- tion. Hence, it is aimed to develop a methodology to determine the power consumption characteristics of a wide variety of machine tools. This research focuses on the power consumption of feed drive units, which are largely varying components with respect to machine tool configurations. Two notable phenomena were observed during our experiments. First, the power consumption of an axis in the gravitational direction exhibited a different pattern from that along those of the other axes. Movement in the gravitational direction was investigated in more detail from the perspective of the machine tool configura- tion. Second, during multi-axis movement, no power correlation between different axes was confirmed. Regardless of the axis composition, no correlation was detected between the individual power consumption profiles of each axis. Elucidating the power consumption characteristics of feed drive units would contribute toward standardization and simplification of power measurement procedures. Keywords Energy · Machine tool · Modeling 1 Introduction Many studies have been performed to investigate the power consumption of material removal processes [1–6]. The power consumption of machine tools has been decomposed into individual components and modeled in terms of, e.g., the machine tool state, process parameters, and tool wear [6]. Recent research trends regarding machine energy consump- tion have focused on standardization of the power consump- tion assessment of different machining processes or machine tools [7]. Since the power consumption varies considerably with the process scales or peripherals, standardization efforts are essential to determine the power characteristics of vari- ous machines [8]. Standardized power assessments would provide valuable insight into the way energy being used in the machine tools, and using this energy information, machine tool performance could be better evaluated from an energy-saving perspective. Some efforts have been made toward standardization, i.e., JSA TS B 00 [9] the Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/ EU [10], and ISO 14955-2 [11]. However, these standards are not readily applicable to diverse machine tools [12, 13] Therefore, further considerations are required to standardize energy measurement. Working toward standardizing the power assessment process, this paper analyzed the power consumption of feed drive units, which are primary machine tool compo- nents, considering various machine tools with different Online ISSN 2198-0810 Print ISSN 2288-6206 * Sangkee Min sangkee.min@wisc.edu * Sung-Hoon Ahn ahnsh@snu.ac.kr 1 School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, 76 Hanggongdaehak-ro, Deoyang-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi Province 10540, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1513 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA 4 Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea