Received: 9 May 2018 | Revised: 18 January 2019 | Accepted: 3 February 2019 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22961 COMMENTARY Leptospira spp., rotavirus, norovirus, and hepatitis E virus surveillance in a wild invasive golden‐headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas; Kuhl, 1820) population from an urban park in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Camila V. Molina 1,2 | Marcos B. Heinemann 3 | Cecilia Kierulff 2,4 | Alcides Pissinatti 5,6 | Tiago F. da Silva 2 | Danilo G. deFreitas 2 | Gisele O. deSouza 3 | Bruno A. Miotto 7 | Adriana Cortez 8 | Beatriz de P. Semensato 8 | Luisa Z. Moreno 9 | José L. Catão‐Dias 1 | Marina G. Bueno 2,10 1 Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia (VPT), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2 Instituto Pri‐Matas para a Conservação da Biodiversidade, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil 3 Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil 4 Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), São Mateus, ES, Brazil 5 Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ), Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA), Guapimirim, RJ, Brazil 6 Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, RJ, Brazil 7 Departamento de Clínica Médica (VCM), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil 8 Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil 9 Laboratório de Sanidade Suína, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil 10 Presidência, Plataforma Institucional Biodiversidade e Saúde Silvestre, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Correspondence Camila V. Molina, LAPCOM, Departamento de Patologia, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87‐Vila Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Email: camolina.vet@gmail.com Funding information Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Grant/Award Number: 2015/ 25760‐3. Abstract The world currently faces severe biodiversity losses caused by anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, pollution, the introduction of exotic species, habitat fragmentation, and climate changes. Disease ecology in altered environments is still poorly understood. The golden‐headed lion tamarin (GHLT, Leontopithecus chrysome- las) is an endangered species that became invasive in an urban park in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The initially few invasive GHLT individuals became hundreds, adapted to living in proximity to humans and domestic animals. These GHLTs were captured as part of a conservation project; some animals were translocated to Bahia and some were kept in captivity. This study tested 593 GHLT for Leptospira serology; 100 and 95 GHLT for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to Leptospira and hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV‐3), respectively, and 101 familiar groups for PCR to viruses (rotavirus A, norovirus GI and GII, and HEV‐3). One animal had antibodies for Leptospira serovar Shermani and another for serovar Hebdomadis. One saprophytic Leptospira was found by the 16S PCR and sequencing. Viruses were not detected in samples tested. Findings suggest that the epidemiological importance of such Am J Primatol. 2019;e22961. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ajp © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | 1 of 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22961