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Chapter 1
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-6301-3.ch001
ABSTRACT
In this chapter, as a critical contemporary management approach and a vital factor for organizations to
gain competitive advantage, the concept of empowerment of employees is evaluated. The main purpose of
this chapter is to investigate the antecedents and consequences of employees’ empowerment. To achieve
this, a meta-analysis was conducted including 216 independent studies. Among these are: organizational
culture, organizational support, supervisor support, organizational justice, human resources practices,
job characteristics and employees’ personality characteristics. Moreover, by scanning the literature, the
consequences of empowerment were remarked as, task performance, organizational citizenship behav-
ior, organizational commitment, job satisfaction and creativity. Throughout the meta-analysis, positive
relationships were witnessed between empowerment and these consequences. Moreover, empowerment
was found to decrease turnover intentions and occupational stress of employees.
INTRODUCTION
As the business context is emerging and changing faster than ever, old-fashioned management styles
are far from being effective. The continuous change in environment in which organizations operate, ne-
cessitates up to date management approaches. In today’s world, not only information, communication,
transportation and computer technologies emerge but also, human element of organizations evolves. The
wants and needs of employees adjust due to changes in both business and social life. Besides, the core
of management principles does not change, it is not effective to lead and manage employees regardless
of their changing needs in today’s turbulent business environment (Drucker, 1980).
Meta-Analysis of Antecedents
and Consequences of
Empowering Employees
as a Contemporary
Management Approach
Çağlar Doğru
Ufuk University, Turkey