39 Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 14(2) 2016: 39-47 DOI : http://dx.doi.org./10.17576/JSKM-2016-1402-05 Artikel Asli/Original Articles Family Support and Self-Motivation Influence Dietary Compliance and Glycaemic Control among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients (Sokongan Keluarga dan Motivasi Diri Mempengaruhi Pematuhan Pemakanan dan Kawalan Glisemia dalam Kalangan Pesakit Luar Diabetes Mellitus Jenis 2) SUZANA SHAHAR, NIK NUR IZZATI NIK MOHD FAKHRUDDIN, KHOR JIA HUI, NURUL FARHANA SYAZREEN SUHAIMI, NURUL YASMIN FARHAH ZULKEPLI, ROSDIIZWAN ROSLAN, WONG EE SIEW & NORHAYATI IBRAHIM ABSTRACT Diabetes Mellitus is a disease due to reduced insulin sensitivity and secretion in the body which associated with obesity and hypertension. This study aimed to determine the influence of family support and self-motivation towards dietary compliance and glycaemic control among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) outpatients. This cross-sectional study involved 35 subjects selected from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) in Cheras and Ampangan Health Clinic in Seremban. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood glucose have been obtained. Face-to-face interview session was done to obtain socio-demographic and diet intake. Further, dietary compliance, social support and self- motivation were assessed using Summary Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA), Diabetes Social Support Questionnaire Family version (DSSQ-Fa) and Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ), respectively. Only 8.6% of subjects complied with dietary counselling. Fasting blood glucose for both men (7.93 ± 1.99 mmol/L) and women (8.77 ± 3.08 mmol/L) were higher than normal range. Self-motivation (r = 0.358, p < 0.05) and family support (r = 0.460, p < 0.01) significantly correlated with dietary compliance. Self-motivation and family support are important factors which can increase compliance towards dietary counseling. Further investigation should be carried out to determine factors that may influence dietary compliance and family support towards achieving desirable glycaemic control among T2DM patients. Keywords: Family support; self-motivation; dietary compliance; glycaemic control; Diabetes Mellitus ABSTRAK Diabetes Mellitus adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kemerosotan sensitiviti dan rembesan insulin dalam badan dan dikaitkan dengan obesiti dan tekanan darah tinggi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh sokongan keluarga dan motivasi diri terhadap pematuhan dietari dan kawalan glisemik dalam kalangan pesakit luar Diabetes Mellitus Jenis 2 (DMJ2). Kajian hirisan lintang ini melibatkan sebanyak 35 subjek yang dipilih dari Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia di Cheras dan Klinik Kesihatan Ampangan di Seremban. Pengukuran antropometri, gula darah berpuasa dan sejarah pengambilan diet turut diambil. Temu bual dijalankan untuk mendapatkan maklumat mengenai demografi dan pematuhan diet. Pematuhan terhadap diet, sokongan sosial dan motivasi diri ditentukan menggunakan Summary Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA), Diabetes Social Support Questionnaire Family version (DSSQ-Fa) dan Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ), masing-masing. Hanya 8.6% subjek yang mematuhi kaunseling diet. Purata aras gula darah berpuasa bagi lelaki (7.93 ± 1.99 mmol/L) dan wanita (8.77 ± 3.08 mmol/L) adalah lebih tinggi dari julat normal. Motivasi diri (r = 0.358, p < 0.05) dan sokongan keluarga (r = 0.460, p < 0.01) berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan pematuhan diet. Motivasi diri dan sokongan keluarga adalah faktor-faktor penting yang boleh meningkatkan pematuhan terhadap kaunseling diet. Kajian yang lebih mendalam perlu dijalankan untuk melihat faktor lain yang mempengaruhi motivasi diri dan sokongan keluarga bagi mencapai kawalan glisemik yang dikehendaki dalam kalangan pesakit Diabetes Mellitus Jenis 2. Kata kunci: Sokongan keluarga; motivasi diri; pematuhan pemakanan; kawalan glisemik; Diabetes Mellitus INTRODUCTION According to the National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2011, 2.6 million Malaysian’s populations are diabetic. The prevalence of diabetes has increased from 11.6% to 15.2% compared with 2006. Compliance is an approach to maintain or improve health status and manage the symptoms and signs of disease. Compliance is a factor that can influence the glycemic control. Non-compliance rate can be varying widely across different disease conditions, treatment regimen and patients population. Dietary compliance led to a positive change in dietary habits in T2DM patients (Siddiqui et al. (2010). Healthy diet plan is an integral part of diabetes self-care because it improves Bab 5.indd 39 28/07/2016 09:36:53