1 Social Inclusion in International Higher Education and Leadership for Social Justice: The Approach and Achievements of the Ford Foundation International Fellowships Program (IFP) Joan Dassin, Jürgen Enders, & Andrea Kottmann Introduction: IFP in Context There is no question that international student mobility has transformed the international higher education landscape in recent decades. It has brought diverse benefits to students, institutions, communities and countries. At the student level, these include enhanced future employability, personal development, language acquisition and greater intercultural sensitivity—all seen as advantages in today’s globalized world. For the sending countries, the opportunity for the ‘best and the brightest’ to study at the world’s great universities holds the promise that they will return with greater expertise and knowledge of diverse languages, cultures and business methods, thus increasing their countries’ competitive edge in the interconnected world economy. For the host countries and universities, international students have become a fiercely contested source of ‘brain gain’ as well as income. Such expectations have also been fueled by the explosive growth of foreign students at the tertiary level. According to OECD and UNESCO data, the number of foreign tertiary students enrolled outside their country of citizenship more than quadrupled over the past three decades, increasing from 0.8 million in 1975 to 4.1 million in 2010 (OECD 2012). Despite this trend, international higher education has by no means become broadly accessible. Even within Europe, where a period abroad during university study is now a centerpiece of European higher education policy, the quantitative goal of one in five students having studied abroad before graduation has not been met. In the United States, international education organizations have promoted study abroad programs for decades. While the absolute number of U.S. students who studied abroad has more than tripled over the past two decades, in 2010/2011 it totaled just 1.4 percent of the total U.S. higher education population (IIE 2012). At the global level, mobility is exercised by only 2 percent of students, ten times less than the Will be published in: Zurbuchen, Mary/Bigalke, Terence (ed.): Proceedings of the IFP Symposium Hawaii 2012. (Working title).