Coatimg Begrac&sil om off F rst and Second Stage
Gas Tan-fern© Bfedes
Can Maralc&n, Bora Derin* and Onuralp Yucel
Metallurgical and Materials Eng. Dept., Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Turkey
(Received August 4,2009)
ABSTRACT
Degradation study of over-aluminized CoCrAlY
coatings (GT-29+) on conventionally cast (CC) GTD-
111 Ni based super alloy substrates was investigated by
evaluating first and second stage turbine blades after
their 48,000 h of original services. The degradation
evidences such as enlargement of the inter-diffusion
zone, aluminum depletion from both top aluminide and
CoCrAlY coating and related phase formations were
observed by using an ΕΡΜΑ. The elemental mapping
and quantitative analysis of the phases were also
performed using WDS device attached to ΕΡΜΑ.
Microhardness changes along the duplex coating
thickness for both blades were determined by a Vickers
microhardness tester.
Keywords: Turbine blade, coating, degradation, GTD-
111.GT-29+
I. INTRODUCTION
Heavy-duty gas turbine technology is used for power
generation either in simple cycle or in combined cycle
with a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency.
There has been great interest for these turbines in
'Tel: +90 212 285 3096/146, Fax: +90 212 285 3427,
e-mail: bderin@itu.edu.tr
improving performance in output and heat rate,
extension of inspection intervals as shortening their
duration, emission reductions, life extension, etc 11-71.
Last two decades, a nickel based super alloy, GTD-111,
has been used in GE MS9001 turbines as substrate
materials of both first and second stage turbine blades
providing the industry standard in corrosion resistance
and a creep rupture/low-cycle fatigue advantage over
the previously used IN-738 alloy /1.21. Besides,
CoCrAlY or NiCoCrAlY coatings with top aluminide
layer (GT-29+ or GT-33+) are used for GTD-111
bucket's exterior surface and the internal cooling holes.
Both coating materials are applied by vacuum plasma
spray, PVD or more recently HVOF spray methods.
Subsequently, top aluminide layer are deposited onto
the coatings by using standard pack aluminizing
processes, optionally above the pack (ATP) or CVD
processes /3/. There exist some degradation and life-
prediction investigation studies on GT29(+)/GTD-lll
or GT-33(+) /GTD-111 turbine blades /3-7A For
example, Daleo et al. investigated the failure
mechanism, life assessment and safe refurbishment of
top aluminized CoCrAlY alloy/GTD-lll turbine blades
/3,4/. Cheruvu et al. 161 studied on service run GE
600IB and 9000FA turbine blades to identify the in-
service degradation mechanism for the dublex coatings.
They also conducted a cyclic oxidation test on top
aluminized GT-29 or GT-33 coated GTD-111 substrate
specimens. They compared their findings with
COATLIFE software which was developed for
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