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International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 2021; 7(4): 174-176
ISSN Print: 2394-7489
ISSN Online: 2394-7497
IJADS 2021; 7(4): 174-176
© 2021 IJADS
www.oraljournal.com
Received: 19-08-2021
Accepted: 21-09-2021
Minha Majeed Kak
Post Graduate Students,
Kothiwal Dental College and
Research Centre Moradabad,
Uttar Pradesh, India
Arya Jyoti
Post Graduate Students,
Kothiwal Dental College and
Research Centre, Moradabad,
Uttar Pradesh, India
Anurag Nath
Post Graduate Students,
Kothiwal Dental College and
Research Centre, Moradabad,
Uttar Pradesh, India
Priyanka Rastogi
Professor and Head of the
Department, Kothiwal Dental
College and Research Centre,
Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh,
India
Sachin Kumar
Professor, Kothiwal Dental
College and Research Centre,
Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh,
India
Corresponding Author:
Minha Majeed Kak
Post Graduate Students,
Kothiwal Dental College and
Research centre Moradabad,
Uttar Pradesh, India
Seroprevalence of hepatitis b, c and HIV among
patients attending a multispecialty hospital: An 8 year
old retrospective study
Minha Majeed Kak, Arya Jyoti, Anurag Nath, Priyanka Rastogi and
Sachin Kumar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/oral.2021.v7.i4c.1368
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV infection are serious global health problems. Many risk
behaviors as well as the routes of transmission for HBV and HCV infections are identical to those for
HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. They are considered as occupational risk for dental
professionals and other health care workers of getting HIV, HBV or HCV infection from an infected
patient and the potential transmission to susceptible patients from infected dental personnel. Due to lack
of knowledge regarding the prevalence of these viral diseases among the local populations, this study was
aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV by detecting the presence of HBV antigen
(HBsAg) and HCV antibodies (HCV-Ab) and HIV antibodies (HIV-Ab) and the relation of their
presence with other factors such as gender and age among dental patients visiting a tertiary care teaching
hospital in Moradabad city in Uttar Pradesh.
Materials and Methods: Case records of a total of 3000 patients were included whose serum was
screened using Rapid card diagnostic kits using standard recommended procedure. HIV TRI-DOT for
HIV antibodies, HEPACARD for HBsAg and HCV TRI-DOT for HCV antibodies. All rapid test positive
samples were further tested by a third-generation Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Data
was analyzed and put for statistical analysis.
Results: The overall seroprevalence of the HIV, HBV and HCV increased over the eight year period by
approximately 5%. A statistical significant difference in prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV in male and
females was obtained. A high seropositivity was prevalent in the age group of 30-40 years.
Conclusion: The sero frequency of HIV, hepatitis B and C was high among patients especially from
rural population visiting the tertiary health care hospital that usually go unnoticed leading to cross
infection. Thus proper history taking, diagnostic tests and sterilization protocols can minimize and
prevent these dreadful blood borne infections from spreading.
Keywords: seroprevalence, HIV, HBV, HCV, ELISA, Moradabad
Introduction
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV infection are serious global health problems with the
prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) as 3.5% and hepatitis C virus (HCV) as 1%. However,
this prevalence shows a marked variation between different regions in the world and between
countries within the same region and between different regions within the same country.
Several studies have found that receiving dental treatment was a risk factor to the high
prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV
[1]
. Transmission of HBV from Patient to patient and
Patient to dentist has been reported in dental clinics with inadequate infection control practices
[2-4]
and inappropriate history given by the patients. Unsafe injections in healthcare settings,
particularly in developing countries, were found to be a significant factor in the transmission
of HBV, HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
[5, 6]
.
Hepatitis commonly causes swelling and inflammation of the liver with its chronic form
leading to cirrhosis or cancer. Sometimes, people contact hepatitis with controlled or no
symptoms but usually it leads to jaundice, anorexia, poor appetite and diarrhea
[7]
. Hepatitis
can be caused by alcohol, poisons, drugs and autoimmunity but majority of cases are caused