MOOCEP: A Method for Building Massive Open
Online Courses for Elderly People
The Analysis Activity
Paul Rodriguez-Ch
Faculty of Engineering
Universidad de Cuenca
Cuenca – Ecuador
paul.rodriguezc@ucuenca.ec
Priscila Cedillo
Dept. of Computer Sciences
Universidad de Cuenca
Cuenca – Ecuador
priscila.cedillo@ucuenca.edu.ec
Paola Beltran
Faculty of Engineering
Universidad de Cuenca
Cuenca – Ecuador
paola.beltranv@ucuenca.ec
Jose Ortiz
Faculty of Medicine
Universidad de Cuenca
Cuenca – Ecuador
jose.ortiz@ucuenca.edu.ec
Abstract— By the year 2060, the elderly population will double
its current size in comparison to the results presented in the last
census, according to the Administration on Aging (AoA). By that
time an important part of the elderly population will be involved
in technology. Moreover, it should be taken into account that the
technological needs of elderly people will differ from those of the
rest of targets. However, elderly people may not be fully aware of
their situation concerning their lifestyle (e.g., own well-being,
rights, nutrition); therefore, e-Learning can be used to improve
their knowledge and integration with peers. Hence, the Massive
Open Online Courses (MOOCs) can work as online resources
designed to help expanding the knowledge of elderly people by
means of technological tools. Even though a complete method to
build MOOCs for elderly people has been proposed previously,
this paper details the analysis phase, which constitutes the first
step in the method. This proposal will help MOOC developers
during the elicitation of the requirements towards building
effective MOOCs focused on elderly people. In order to
demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal, a MOOC related to
nutrition recommendations for elderly people will be presented.
Keywords—elderly, e-Learning, andragogy, MOOCs, method,
analysis.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, a lot of research is focused on improving the
lifestyle of the elderly [1-4]. These studies have been growing
potentially during the last years in response to an increased
population of elderly people who have a lot of interest in
socializing or participating in activities involving technology
(i.e., social networks, e-Learning) [1]. Consequently, it
becomes imperative to develop and improve applications,
technological artifacts, and tools that contribute to improve
their lifestyle.
Education needs to be present throughout the lifetime of
people. Lately, most research has been focused on supporting
lifelong learning problems [5]. Thus, the Massive Open Online
Courses (MOOCs) have been considered as a potential
environment with the ability to educate a large amount of
people in a flexible way [6]. MOOCs are contextualized as
massive: because they are designed for thousands of
participants; open: because they are at everyone’s disposal and
no high standards of education are required; and online: because
physical attendance is not necessary [7]. In addition, elderly
people represent almost the 10% of total users of MOOCs [6].
Hence, it is necessary to improve the MOOCs in order to
develop an adequate environment for elderly learning.
Despite much research being addressed in order to build
effective MOOCs, they do not consider any methodology to
build MOOCs that take into account the needs of elderly people.
There are approaches [8, 9] that show methods to build these
artifacts; however, they are not focused on elderly people and
they do not consider andragogical techniques. In respect to
these techniques, Knowles [10] has stated assumptions that
show how learning considerations have to be oriented in order
to suit adult education.
In a previous paper [11], the creation of MOOCs for elderly
people was contextualized by means of a method called
MOOCEP (Massive Open Online Courses for Elderly People)
in order to create andragogical and accessible MOOCs for
them. This process was based on the Instructional Design
Model [12], which has been defined by the use of Software and
Systems Process Engineering Meta-Model Specification
(SPEM) [13], to define each activity, artifact, guideline, and
role. The method includes an activity which allows the selection
of the most appropriate accessibility criteria for elderly people
[14] and a process which considers the selection of
andragogical techniques and strategies [2, 15-17] to be included
into MOOCs oriented to this target.
This paper explains the analysis activity of the MOOCEP
method to understand how andragogical techniques can be
included during the Requirements Elicitation (RE) of e-
Learning Systems.
This paper is structured as follows: Section II presents a brief
review about related works. Section III presents the theoretical
framework about requirements elicitation for e-Learning
systems, as well as andragogical techniques and strategies.
Then, Section IV shows a brief review about the entire method
for building MOOCs for Elderly People (MOOCEP) and
presents the analysis activity explained in detail. Section V,
illustrates the analysis activity. Finally, Section VI presents the
conclusions and future work.
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