1 Biogas appliances in Sub-Sahara Africa 1 2 Vianney Tumwesige a * David Fulford b Grant .C. Davidson c 3 a Green Heat (U) Ltd, P.O. Box 10235, Kampala, Uganda and Center for Research in Energy and Energy 4 Conservation, Makerere University; b davidf@kingdombio.co.uk. c The James Hutton Institute, 5 Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK 6 7 * Corresponding author: Vianney Tumwesige, Green Heat (U) Ltd, P.O. Box 10235, Kampala, Uganda. 8 Tel: (+256) 71 237 9889. Email: trustvianney@gmail.com. 9 10 11 ABSTRACT 12 13 Biogas production technology has led to the growth of a number of biogas appliances for lighting, 14 cooking, heating, incubating and electricity generation. The most commonly used appliance for cooking 15 purposes in both households and institutions is the biogas stove. However, some households are using 16 biogas lamps for lighting their homes. The overall objective of this paper is to review biogas appliances 17 being used in the different National Biogas Support Programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa. 18 19 Several locally available biogas stoves were tested, but were found to have lower efficiencies than were 20 acceptable. The stoves were not made according to basic gas stove theory. 21 22 Key questions are: what biogas appliances are being used; what are the major areas where appliances 23 can be developed to improve their efficiencies; and what are the possible methods/mechanisms to do so? 24 25 26 27 28