Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol. 13, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 1392~1399 ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i2.5582  1392 Journal homepage: http://beei.org Design and implementation of energy-efficient hybrid data aggregation in heterogeneous wireless sensor network Mohamed Muthanna Al-Heeti 1 , Jamal A. Hammad 2 , Ahmed Shamil Mustafa 3 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineers, University of Anbar, Al-Ramadi, Iraq 2 Department of Cilinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Al-Ramadi, Iraq 3 Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Ramadi, Iraq Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Dec 21, 2022 Revised Jun 8, 2023 Accepted Sep 7, 2023 Heterogeneous wireless sensor network (HWSN) is a trending technology in both the industrial and academic sectors, consisting of a large number of interconnected sensors. However, higher energy consumption and delay are significant drawbacks of this technology in applications such as military, healthcare, and industrial automation. The main objective of this research is to enhance the energy efficiency of HWSN using a clustering technique. In this article, a novel approach, namely power optimization and hybrid data aggregation (POHDA), is proposed to address these challenges in HWSN. POHDA-HWSN focuses on power optimization and congestion avoidance through effective CH selection using hybrid data aggregation based on parameters such as residual energy, distance, mobility, threshold value of the node, and latency. By weight-based effective cluster head (CH) selection, the energy consumption, end-to-end delay, and overhead during communication are reduced in this network. The POHDA-HWSN approach considers specific parameters to compare the results and outcomes with earlier research such as HCCS-WSN, FMCA-WSN, and APCC-WSN. The results prove that the proposed POHDA-HWSN approach achieves higher energy efficiency and delivery ratio. Keywords: Effective cluster head selection Heterogeneous wireless sensor network Hybrid data aggregation Performance analyses Power optimization This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Mohamed Muthanna Al-Heeti Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineers, University of Anbar Anbar Province, Al-Ramadi, Iraq Email: Mohamed.muthanna@uoanbar.edu.iq 1. INTRODUCTION A heterogeneous wireless sensor network (HWSN) is composed of a large number of sensor nodes that are distributed in a specific coverage area to collect data such as temperature and humidity levels. HWSN sensors have unique features, including wide coverage, battery levels, and functional behavior, and they are self-organizing, enabling collaboration with real-time operating systems. Recently, HWSN has become a highly active research area that attracts both industrial and academic attention. The applications of HWSN have expanded significantly, including real-time applications such as military, healthcare, and environmental monitoring, to ensure high-quality communication. The main advantage of HWSN is that the sensors used for data transmission are highly cost-effective and compact. However, the battery capacity of these sensors is limited, posing a significant challenge to achieving high energy efficiency while minimizing energy consumption during communication in the network. Therefore, energy optimization is one of the key solutions for addressing issues raised in earlier research on HWSN [1], [2]. The network architecture of HWSNs is designed with both static and mobile sensors. The deployment of these sensors is arranged in close proximity to enable easy access to neighboring sensors within their