Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32: 1486–1497, 2009
Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN: 0190-4167 print / 1532-4087 online
DOI: 10.1080/01904160903092689
Pre-Harvest Rind-Spotting in ‘Clementine’
Mandarin
Anna Assimakopoulou,
1
Charikleia Tsougrianis,
1
Kalomira Elena,
2
Constantinos Fasseas,
3
and George Karabourniotis
4
1
Ministry of Agriculture, District Laboratory of Agricultural Advisory Service and
Fertilizer Analysis, Xylokastro, Greece
2
Laboratory of Mycology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
3
Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Agricultural University of Athens,
Athens, Greece
4
Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
ABSTRACT
A severe physiological disorder of ‘Clementine’ mandarins in the Assini area of Argolis,
Southestern Greece, was investigated for two successive years. Irregular-shaped necrotic
spots were observed on the rinds of mandarins, mainly at the fruit stylar-ends, from the
color break till harvest time. In order to investigate the possible correlation between the
disorder and the inorganic nutrition of the fruit, spotted and symptomless mandarin rinds,
in four commercial orchards were chemically analyzed. The relationship between fruit
inorganic nutrition and the disorder symptoms were not consistent. Using Electron
Scanning Microscopy, invisible cracks were observed at the cuticle and the external
strata of the spotted rind whereas oil glands remained intact. Considering the results of
chemical analyses, microscopic observations, as well as, the information given by the
growers, this physiological disorder should be attributed to sudden changes of climatic
conditions and not to nutritional imbalance.
Keywords: peel blemish; nutritional disorder; citrus ultrastructure
INTRODUCTION
‘Clementine’ mandarin [Citrus reticulate Blanco x Citrus aurantifolia
(Christm.) Swingle] (variety Poros) was introduced in Argolis area in Greece
Received 16 February 2008; accepted 11 May 2008.
Address correspondence to A. Assimakopoulou, Technological Educational Insti-
tute of Kalamata, School of Agriculture, Department of Crop Production, GR-24100
Antikalamos, Kalamata, Greece. E-mail: dalakl@otenet.gr
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