Rheol. Acta 15, 577-578 (1976)
© 1976 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt
ISSN 0035-4511/ASTM-Coden: RHEAAK
School of' Mathematical Sciences. The Flinders University q/" South A ustralia. Bec(ford Park ( A ustralia )
Algorithms for motions with constant stretch history-II.
R. R. Huilgol
(Received July 30, 1976)
L(t) = Z(t)L
where Z is
= O. Then
history.
The purpose of this note, which is a continua-
tion of the first paper (1) and uses the same
notation, is to prove the
Proposition 9.1: Let a velocity field v = v(x,t)
give rise to a velocity gradient L such that
(t) - L(t) Z(t), - ~ < t < ,~~, [1]
a skew-symmetric tensor obeying
v is a motion with constant stretch
Proof: Given v, compute L. Suppose that the
system [1] has a solution for a skew-symmetric
tensor Z = Z(t), such that Z(t) = 0, - ~ < t < ~.
Now, define a tensor L~ through
L1 : L - Z. [2]
It then follows that
L1 = ZLI - Lm Z , [3]
and that the first Rivlin-Ericksen tensor (2) A1
obeys:
A1 = L +L~= Lj +L~ , [4]
.4, = ZA ~ - ,4 ~ Z. [5]
Introduce the notation
A 0 = 1 [6]
and assume that for all m = 0, 1..... n,
Am = A,ù-IL1 +L~Am-1, [7]
A'm = z , 4 ~ - A°,z. [8]
Then, on using [8] and the formula for Aù+ 1 (2),
we have
Aù+, =,4ù+AùL+LTAù=AùL1 +Lr Aù. [9]
Next, on using [3] and [8], we get from [9] that
zZ~'n+l = ZAn+I -- An+lg. [10]
The above proof, based on induction, shows
that since [7] and [8] are true for m = 1, [7]
and [8] are true for all m = 0, 1, 2 .....
310
Now, since the Äù obey [8], the differential
equations can be integrated to yield:
Aù(t) = Q(t) Aù(O) QT(t), n = 0, 1..... [11]
Q(t) = i exp(Z(z)) dz, Q(0) = 1. [12]
0
Hence, the strain history C,(t - s) obeys:
c,(t-s)= ~ (-1)%"
ù=0 17! Aù(t)
= Q(t) Co(O - s) OF(t) [13]
or, by definition (1), the velocity field is a motion
with constant stretch history.
Remarks: (i) Note that the system [1] does not
have to possess a unique solution Z for the
above proposition to hold.
(ii) It is extremely interesting that in a
MWCSH, the following identity holds:
2=- [~- ZL + LZ, [14 3
or that ,Z need not be zero along the path line
of a particle. To prove this, recall from [2.8]
of(l) that in a MWCSH
L : Z + L,, [1»]
and that L, obeys [2.15] of(l), i.e.,
Ll = ZLI - Lm Z . [16]
Hence [14] is true.
Indeed, it is possible to prove
Theorem 9.2: A necessary and sufficient condi-
tion that a velocity field be a motion with con-
stant stretch history is that there exist a skew-
symmetric Z which satisfies the differential
equation
2 = L - ZL +LZ [17]
where L is the velocity gradient.