67 1. Introduction At irst sight the territory and settlement list of the quondam Roman province Pannonia according to such ancient sources as Tabula Peutingeriana (see. Dilke 1985), a map-like Itinerary from the 4 th century AD, and the text-based Itinerarium Antonini (Cuntz 1929) dated for the last third of the 3 rd century AD (Tóth 2006), or the late-Roman so- called Notitia Dignitatum are well-known. This area comprises for example Aquicum-Óbuda/Budapest, Brigetio-Komárom-Szőny, Salla-Zalalövő, Savaria- Szombathely, Scarbantia-Sopron. Namely, apart from the certain identiication of some settlements, present-day researches do not have acceptable settlement or road network reconstruction. The reason for this is that in most cases only the starting- and end-stations of varoius routes can be localized; settlements and road sections between these settlements or road-stations are unknown. The relief map (Fig. 1) illustrates the major part of the province Pannonia 1 and relects the fact – as already mentioned early in the 20 th century by G. Finály (Finály 1903) – that there is not much territory not crossed by roads. Since this problem has been recognised by researchers working in this ield for 150 years (see Tóth 1975), the number of identiications and localization possibilities proved to be almost un- “r.calc.ItinerariumAntonini” Raster Based GIS Survey on Pannonian Mileage Data of Itinerarium Antonini András Bödőcs Institue of Archaeological Sciences, University Eötvös Loránd, Budapest bodocs.andras@btk.elte.hu Abstract The main goal of the “Pannonian” Roman road survey was to identify the locations and settlements in Pannonia described by the data of the Itinerarium Antonini. The road reconstructions based on pure calculations on the mileage data are doubtful, because we do not know the exact locations of the starting- and end stations. They are also insecure, because we cannot be sure of the plausibility of the length-values of the antique source. In some opinion the mileage data of the Itinerarium Antonini shows not the exact distances, but the distances calculated upon the travel time between two places. If the length was calculated with the quotient of travel-time-need and average travel-speed, what was it? This assumption supports the logical question, what is the base entity, wherewith the time was deduced. We want to show – exploiting the analyzing possibilities of the GIS , and the movement/travel modeling forms applied in geographical research – a possibility for a new way source analysis. Keywords GRASS, Roman roads, Roman travel, least cost path, Roman archaeology, geographic analysis, Itinerarium Antonini ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1 Under the reign of Traianus (ca. 103–107 AD) Pannonia was divided into two provinces (Superior and Inferior). In the late 3 rd century, under the reign of Diocletianus (284–305 AD) the two Pannonian provinces were each subdivided into 2 provinces (Superior: Pannonia Prima, Savia; Inferior: Pannonia Secunda, Valeria). The territories of the provinces cover the today’s Austria, Croatia, Hungary and Slovenia. Fig. 1. The northern part of the province Pannonia, with the west-country border of Hungary. Proceedings of the 36 th CAA Conference, Budapest, 2–6 April 2008