International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 5 (2018) pp. 2078-2083
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
2078
Influence of Reheating in Pack Carburizing Process with Bamboo
Charcoal and Cow Bone Powder Media for Hardness Number and
Impact Strength Low Carbon Steel
Sujita
1
, Rudy Soenoko
1
, Eko Siswanto
1
and Teguh Dwi Widodo
1
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brawijaya University,Malang, Indonesia
Street Mayjend Haryono 167 Malang 65145 Indonesia.
E-mail: sujita@unram.ac.id
Abstract
Pack Carburizing process is the process of adding carbon
element (C) into the metal, especially on the surface of the
material where the carbon element is obtained from materials
containing carbon so that the metal hardness can increase.
Carburizing research that has been done with teak wood
charcoal media and BaCO3 or NaCO3. The Pack Carburizing
process is high costly. This study uses an alternative
carburizing media in the form of bamboo charcoal and cow
bone powder. The aim of this research is to know the
difference of toughness value and hardness of low carbon
steel which have undergone pack carburizing process, and
reheating process of low carbon steel. The pack carburizing
process was carried out at temperature 900
0
C for 7 hours
carburizing time. The hardening process was carried out by
reheating the specimens at 900° C, for 50 minutes holding
time, cooled with air-cooled media, water and water + 30%
salt. Then tested toughness and hardness test. While Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM) test is done to see the carbon
diffusion after carburizing process in the form of a picture or
photo. From this study it was concluded that with 7 hours of
carburizing time, carbón diffusion and highest surface
hardness were obtained in carburizing process, and cooling
process with 30% salt + water cooling medium), the hardness
number can increase up to 110% from the initial is 120.08 Kg
/mm
2
Keywords: Pack Caburizing, Cooling, hardness, cooling
medium, bamboo charcoal, cow bone
INTRODUCTION
All human needs cannot be separated from the metal element.
So that metal has an active role in human life and support
technology in today. Therefore, human efforts arise to
improve the properties of the metal. That is by changing the
mechanical properties and physical properties.
The basic metal processing industry (blacksmith) which began
to become the attention of
West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Regional government, is one of
the bright prospect businesses. The need for equipment from
metal is now increasing. However , in the NTB area this
industry is still managed by the home industry is not fully
managed by NTB local government. The products of home
industry are the tools needed by the agrarian sector, such as
machetes, hoes, knives, crowbars and others. Low carbon
steel is also use for shipbuilding plates, shaft drive rods and
others. The base metal used in this industry is low carbon steel
which has the properties that is capable of forging and
machine ability. Despite this low carbon steel still has a level
of hardness number that has not been maximized.
Carburizing is one of the most commonly performed steel heat
treatments. For perhaps three thousand years it was performed
by packing the low carbon wrought iron parts in charcoal,
then raising the temperature of the pack to red heat for several
hours. The entire pack, charcoal and all, was then dumped into
water to quench it. The surface became very hard, while the
interior or “core” of the part re- tained the toughness of low
carbon steel [7-9].
Carburizing process is the process of adding carbon element
(C) into the metal, especially on the surface of the material
where the carbon element is obtained from materials
containing carbon so that the metal hardness can be increased,
the surface hardening on the metal can be done by adding
certain elements to the metal such as carbon, nitrogen, and
others. These elements can be obtained around us such as
bovine bone, bamboo charcoal and others that may be unused
again, but the carburizing process produces less harm to the
metal [1][13][14]. Lack of carburizing process is the high cost
of carburizing media and low hardness value of the metal can
be improved by using alternative carburizing medium and
cooling with different cooling media.
The cow bone powder contains Calcium Carbonate and
Tricalcium Fospat [2][12]. The results of this study became
the reason to conduct research of surface hardening low
carbon steel. This study uses air, water and water + 30% salt
as cooling medium. The reason the three cooling media have
different cooling properties and speed, so it is possible to see
be different hardness value and the toughness value in the test
specimen.
Low carbon steel is also called mild steel or tool steel. This
low carbon steel in the trade of its use is very broad as in the
general construction steel which is made in the form of steel
plates, strips and steel bars. Based on carbon content then low
carbon steel can be use: Low carbon steels containing 0.1 to