An updated examination of the perception of barriers for pharmacogenomics implementation and the usefulness of drug/gene pairs in Latin America and the Caribbean Aimeé Salas-Hernández 1† , Macarena Galleguillos 2† , Matías Carrasco 2 , Andrés López-Cortés 3 , María Ana Redal 4 , Dora Fonseca-Mendoza 5 , Patricia Esperón 6 , Farith González-Martínez 7 , Ismael Lares-Asseff 8 , Alberto Lazarowski 9 , Verónica Loera-Castañeda 8 , Diadelis Remírez 10 , Matías F. Martínez 2,11 , Rodrigo Vargas 12 , Fabricio Rios-Santos 13 , Antonio Macho 14 , Juan P. Cayún 2 , Germán R. Perez 15 , Carolina Gutierrez 2 , Leslie C. Cerpa 2 , Tamara Leiva 2 , Susan Calfunao 2,16 , Lesly Xajil 17 , Christopher Sandoval 2,18 , Marcelo Suárez 2,19 , Ariana Gonzalez 20 , Gabriela Echeverría-Garcés 21 , Luis Sullón-Dextre 22 , Eugenia Cordero-García 1 , Alexis R. Morales 23 , Andrea Avendaño 24 , Enrique Sánchez 25 , Laura C. Bastone 26 , Cesar Lara 27 , Patricia Zuluaga-Arias 28 , Ana María Soler 29 , Julio Da Luz 29 , Gabriela Burgueño-Rodríguez 29 , Marcelo Vital 30 , Elizabeth Reyes-Reyes 31 , Alexander Huaccha 32 , Yeimy V. Ariza 33 , Naomi Tzul 34 , Ana L. Rendón 35 , Roberto Serrano 36 , Larissa Acosta 37 , Angelo Motta-Pardo 38 , Leonardo Beltrán-Angarita 39,40 , Erika Brand 41 , Miguel A. Jiménez 42 , Gladys Maribel Hidalgo-Lozada 43 , Marina M. J. Romero-Prado 44 , Karla Escobar-Castro 45 , Mariel Umaña-Rivas 46 , Juan D. Vivas 47 , Paola Lagos 48 , Yineth Ballén Martínez 49 , Sharleth Quesada 50 , Camila Calfio 51 , Maria L. Arias 52 , María A. Lavanderos 2 , Dante D. Cáceres 53 , Alberto Salazar-Granara 54 , Nelson M. Varela 2 and Luis A. Quiñones 2,11 * On behalf of the RELIVAF NETWORK 1 Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaco-Dependence, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, 2 Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile, 3 Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador, 4 Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Genetics Division, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 5 Universidad del Rosario, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Bogotá, Colombia, 6 Molecular Genetic Unit, School of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, General Flores, CP 1800 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay, 7 Toxicology and Public Health Research Laboratory, Department of Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia, 8 Academy of Genomics and Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Unidad Durango, Durango, Mexico, 9 Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y OPEN ACCESS EDITED BY Andrea Gaedigk, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, United States REVIEWED BY Chad A. Bousman, University of Calgary, Canada Simran D. S. Maggo, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, United States Jeffrey A. Shaman, Coriell Life Sciences (CLS), United States *CORRESPONDENCE Luis A. Quiñones, lquinone@uchile.cl † These authors have contributed equally to this work RECEIVED 28 February 2023 ACCEPTED 21 April 2023 PUBLISHED 11 May 2023 CITATION Salas-Hernández A, Galleguillos M, Carrasco M, López-Cortés A, Redal MA, Fonseca-Mendoza D, Esperón P, González-Martínez F, Lares-Asseff I, Lazarowski A, Loera-Castañeda V, Remírez D, Martínez MF, Vargas R, Rios-Santos F, Macho A, Cayún JP, Perez GR, Gutierrez C, Cerpa LC, Leiva T, Calfunao S, Xajil L, Sandoval C, Suárez M, Gonzalez A, Echeverría-Garcés G, Sullón-Dextre L, Cordero-García E, Morales AR, Avendaño A, Sánchez E, Bastone LC, Lara C, Zuluaga-Arias P, Soler AM, Da Luz J, Burgueño-Rodríguez G, Vital M, Reyes-Reyes E, Huaccha A, Ariza YV, Tzul N, Rendón AL, Serrano R, Acosta L, Motta-Pardo A, Beltrán-Angarita L, Brand E, Jiménez MA, Hidalgo-Lozada GM, Romero-Prado MMJ, Escobar-Castro K, Umaña-Rivas M, Vivas JD, Lagos P, Martínez YB, Quesada S, Calfio C, Arias ML, Lavanderos MA, Cáceres DD, Salazar-Granara A, Varela NM and Quiñones LA (2023), An updated examination of the perception of barriers for pharmacogenomics implementation and the usefulness of drug/gene pairs in Latin America and the Caribbean. Front. Pharmacol. 14:1175737. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1175737 Frontiers in Pharmacology frontiersin.org 01 TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 11 May 2023 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2023.1175737