Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering
Vol. 8, No. 2, 2021
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +8801681934283
E-mail address: nhaque13@urp.kuet.ac.bd; nhaque.kuet13@gmail.com
Manuscript History:
Received 6 July, 2021, Revised 17 September, 2021, Accepted 19 September, 2021, Published 31 October, 2021
Copyright © 2021 UNIMAS Publisher. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
https://doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.3616.2021
e-ISSN: 2289-7771
935
Assessing the Relationship among the Land Surface Features: A
Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) Based
Approach for City Area
Sharmin Siddika
a
, Md. Nazmul Haque
a,*
and Mizbah Ahmed Sresto
a
a
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering &
Technology, Khulna- 9203, Bangladesh
Abstract
Due to climate change and urbanization, it is important to monitor and evaluate the components of the
environment. For this reason, ward-22 and ward-27 of the Khulna City Corporation (KCC) area have
been selected for the study. This research seeks to identify the existing land use profile and assess the
land surface components such as topography, Normalized Difference Buildup Index (NDBI),
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI),
Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) to measure the
relationships among the land surface components. The land use land cover map shows that about 59%
of ward-22 and 71.5% area of ward-27 are built-up areas. Both of the wards contain little amount of
water body, vegetation and open space. Both of the wards have residential land use types with
commercial purposes on the periphery. Accordingly, 63.32% and 65% of structures of ward-22 and 27
are pucca. The land surface components reveal that both areas contain lower slopes, less vegetation,
less moisture, severe salinity, highly built-up areas, and high land surface temperature. The
relationships among the land surface components show that NDVI has a negative relation with LST
and NDBI whereas NDVI represents a positive correlation with NDMI. On the other hand, NDBI
shows a positive correlation with LST whereas NDMI negatively correlates with LST. NDSI and
topography reflect no meaningful relationship between NDBI, NDVI, LST, and NDMI. However, the
research findings may be essential to city planners and decision-makers for incorporating better
urban management at the micro level concerning climate change.
Keywords: Environment, Land use land cover, Land Surface Features, Remote Sensing.
1. Introduction
Environmental change made by mankind's exploitation, as well as regional climate changes,
have long been a serious problem around the world, particularly in coastal regions due to the
susceptibility of their ecosystems [1-3]. Due to urbanization and industrialization, substantial
environmental and ecological changes have occurred over the last century, particularly in the last 20
years, raising societal concerns [4]. Land transformation is an important issue in understanding the
interaction between humans and the environment since it is driven by both natural and anthropogenic
driving forces [5]. The widespread urbanization has harmful repercussions on the Earth's surface,