Research Article Botanical from the Fruits Mesocarp of Raphia vinifera Displays Antiproliferative Activity and Is Harmless as Evidenced by Toxicological Assessments Ga¨ elle S. Nguenang, 1 Armelle T. Mbaveng , 1 Idrios N. Bonsou, 1 Godloves F. Chi, 2 and Victor Kuete 1 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon Correspondence should be addressed to Victor Kuete; kuetevictor@yahoo.fr Received 27 December 2021; Revised 1 March 2022; Accepted 11 March 2022; Published 29 March 2022 Academic Editor: Jie Liu Copyright © 2022 Ga¨ elle S. Nguenang et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Raphia vinifera is widely used to treat several diseases including digestive disorders, dysentery, and genitourinary infections. In this study, the mineral contents, the cytotoxicity, and the toxicological effect of the crude CHCl 3 /MeOH extract (RVM) from the mesocarp of Raphia vinifera were evaluated. e mineral contents were evaluated using the method described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). e cytotoxicity of both extract and chemical compounds from the plants was de- termined by a resazurin reduction assay (RRA). e toxicological studies were carried out using the experimental procedure of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). After killing the rats, biochemical, histopathological, and hematologicalstudieswereperformed.eresultindicatedthatRVMisrichinzinc(6.52mg/100gofDM)andsodium(194.5mg/ 100 g of DM). RVM had a cytotoxicity effect with IC 50 values lower than 30 μg/mL in 18/18 cancer cell lines tested. ese recorded IC 50 values were between 12.35 µg/mL (toward CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) and 26.66 µg/mL (toward SKMel-505 BRAF wild-type melanoma cells). Raphvinin 4 displayed good cytotoxicity against MaMel-80aBRAF-V600E homozygous mutant with the IC 50 of 10.42 μM. RVM was relatively nontoxic to rats, the median lethal dose (DL 50 ) being above 5000 mg/kg body weight. However, during the oral administration period extending for 28 days, precautions should be taken due to the increase in urinary creatinine level and decrease in spleen weight in the male rats given the highest dose (1000mg/kg) of extract. Conclusively, the extract of Raphia vinifera is weakly toxic in rats and could be further used in the development of anticancer phytomedicines. 1. Introduction Despite the numerous means to fight against cancer, the number of deaths caused by this disease is increasing sig- nificantly in many countries [1]. In 2018, WHO (World Health Organization) recorded 9.6 million deaths and 18.1 million new cases because of cancer [2]. Due to morbidity and mortality that it generates, cancer represents a major health problem both nationally and globally. is pathology becomes increasingly difficult to diagnose and to treat when cancer cells develop resistance mechanisms against the usual chemotherapeutic agents [3]. Regarding the increasing re- sistance developed by these cells, research for alternative treatments should be performed. e varieties of secondary metabolites contained in medicinal plants are responsible for the pharmacological effects including cytotoxic activity [4]. Raphia vinifera (Arecaceae) is a plant from the genus Raphia; medicinal properties of different parts of the plants have been demonstrated. Raffia wine from Raphia vinifera is rich in lactic acid bacteria [5], which prevents the incidence of diarrhea and promotes the course of the immune response in rats; these probiotic isolates could strengthen the immune system in children [6]. Also, many medicinal plants used in Africa have shown interesting antiproliferative properties against the sensitive and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells linked to their secondary metabolites [4, 7]. e boiled Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2022, Article ID 4831261, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4831261