PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 209 This work is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Proceedings of the 6th International Scientific and Practical Conference «International Scientific Discussion: Problems, Tasks and Prospects» (March 19-20, 2023). Brighton, United Kingdom No 147 DOI 10.51582/interconf.19-20.03.2023.022 Developments in application of optogenetics in pain and anxiety: a literature review Saksham Sharma 1 , Palakodeti. S. Sanjana 2 , Shefali Mody 3 , Soham Nadkarni 4 , Sujith Kumar Palleti 5 1 Ya Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University; Ukraine 2 MBBS; Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences; India 3 MBBS; Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College; India 4 MBBS; Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College; India 5 MD; Loyoa University Medical Center; USA Abstract. Optogenetic interventions have put forth unprecedented therapies that help us provide therapeutic treatment to various neurological conditions. This novel therapy allows us to target neuronal tissues in complex mammalian systems with a precise and specific impact using photoresponsive Microbial opsins ( modified to suit mammalian physiologies) that enable cell-type specific, precise biological processing on a millisecond scale. As a result, we have been able to explore numerous new directions as the field develops and becomes more diverse. The literature review that follows will try to examine pain and anxiety as neurological disorders and delve deeper into the advancements that allow optogenetic therapies to treat them, and assess them against the currently available therapies. Kaywords application of optogenetics optogenetic therapies neurological conditions anxiety