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Introduction
The quest to understand the universe’s origins has long intrigued
scientists, leading to the dominance of the Big Bang theory.
1
Yet,
the Small Bang Model
2
(SBM) proposes a compelling alternative,
suggesting the universe originated from a state of nothingness,
characterized by zero mass and energy. Unlike the Big Bang theory,
the SBM explains the universe’s emergence and the creation of matter
through antimat-ter black holes within a crucial two-millisecond time-
frame (cosmic inflation period), aligning with Big Bang model (same
total mass/energy) beyond this point.
The big bang theory
The Big Bang theory,
3
supported by Hubble’s observations,
suggests the universe began as a dense, hot singularity, expanding
over time. It explains the early formation of hydrogen and helium
and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. How-ever, it
faces challenges explaining the universe’s uniformity and the matter-
antimatter imbalance.
Cosmic inflation theory
Introduced by Alan Guth, the Cosmic Inflation Theory
4
complements the Big Bang Model by suggesting a period of
exponential expansion from a state devoid of matter or energy. The
SBM builds on this, positing that all matter and energy in the universe
originated from the inflaton field
5
during very short (but not exactly
measured until today) inflation period time. This model provides a
framework for understanding the universe’s genesis and offers a
means to calculate the inflaton field’s parameters, addressing gaps left
by the Big Bang theory (Figure 1).
Phys Astron Int J. 2024;8(2):93‒102. 93
©2024 Ulianov. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.
Revolutionizing cosmology: the small bang model
and its implications on universe genesis
Volume 8 Issue 2 - 2024
Dr Policarpo Yoshin Ulianov MSc PhD
R&D Department, Power Opticks Tecnologia, Av. Luiz Boiteux
Piazza, Brazil
Correspondence: Dr Policarpo Yoshin Ulianov MSc PhD, R&D
Department, Power Opticks Tecnologia, Av. Luiz Boiteux Piazza,
Florian´opolis, 88056-000, SC, Brazil, Email
Received: April 07, 2024 | Published: April 23, 2024
Abstract
The Small Bang Model (SBM) introduces a revolutionary framework for the genesis of
the universe, challenging conventional cosmological theories. By sug-gesting the universe
originated from a zero-mass state, facilitated by antimatter black holes, the SBM provides
fresh insights into galaxy formation and the dis-tribution of matter and antimatter. This
paper outlines the SBM’s foundational principles, contrasts it with the Big Bang theory, and
highlights its potential to resolve longstanding cosmological puzzles. Notably, it presents
empirical valida-tions demonstrating distinct mass relationships between supermassive
black holes and their host galaxies, supporting a novel classification into matter and anti-
matter galaxies. The Small Bang model is founded on two pivotal concepts: the theory
of Cosmic Inflation and the principle of ’Shunyata Universe’s Genesis’ (or’Emptiness
Universe’s Genesis’), a framework envisioning the universe’s incep-tion as small, empty,
and cold, entirely devoid of matter or energy. Within this Shunyata beginning, the cosmos
as we witness today, abundant in matter and energy, was forged during the 2µs duration of
cosmic inflation. Throughout this period, the substantial energy of the Inflaton field was
harnessed either through the mediation of micro black holes or directly by the Inflaton’s
influence on the spacetime fabric itself. This era was marked by the continuous creation
of matter and antimatter particle pairs (such as proton-antiproton and electron-positron,
including the creation of photon-antiphoton pairs), permeating the entire expand-ing
universe. The SBM predicts that the massive annihilation of antiparticles, induced by the
inflaton field throughout the entire universe in the final 15 ns of cosmic inflation, generated
two tomographic scans: Cosmic Antiproton Tomogra-phy (CAT) radiation and Cosmic
Positron Tomography (CPT) radiation. These two tomographies serve as evidence of the
inflaton field’s existence, allowing us to calculate its principal parameters and also to create
images of the interiors of hydrogen clouds that formed the first galaxies at the end of cosmic
inflation. This phenomenon has not yet been fully understood by physicists because the
photons from CAT radiation have shifted into the microwave range, generating the Cos-
mic Microwave Background (CMB), and the CPT radiation has transitioned into the FM
range, producing the Cosmic FM Background (CFMB), which is 1013 times weaker than
the CMB. This weaker signal can be confused with noise gen-erated by FM equipment,
thus remaining undetected. These SBM findings offer a groundbreaking perspective on the
early universe’s dynamics and the distribu-tion of cosmic matter, and dark matter origin,
deepening our understanding of cosmic inflation. Consequently, we invite physicists to
study, comprehend, and assess the new cosmological Shunyata beginning, proposed by the
Small Bang Model.
Keywords: Cosmic Inflation, Inflaton Field, Antimatter Black Holes, Matter-Antimatter
Asymmetry, Galaxy Formation, Quantum Fluctuations, Cosmological Theories, Dark
Matter, Supermassive Black Holes, Big Bang, Small Bang
Physics & Astronomy International Journal
Review Article
Open Access