........................................ ......................................... 13 The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism Bagh-e Nazar, 20(128), 13-26/ Feb. 2024 DOI: 10.22034/BAGH.2023.378153.5310 Received: 21/01/2024 ; accepted: 25/10/2023 ; available online: 21/01/2024 Original Research Article Persian translation of this paper entitled: صفهان صفویۀ ا دورۀر مساجدت ایوان دقی تناسباسۀ تطبی مقای published in this issue of journal * +98 9189898190, hamedhayaty@yahoo.com Comparative Comparison of Iwan Proportions in Safavid Mosques of Isfahan Hamed Hayaty 1* , Amir Masood Noori 2 1. Assistant Professor, Architecture Department, Qom University, Qom, Iran. 2. Ph.D. Student Architecture, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. Abstract Problem statement: Given the importance of the Iwan as a main element in the architecture of mosques, this research is an attempt to investigate the proportions used in the Iwans of these buildings as a tool to create a desirable and lasting architectural effect. This research compared the geometrical proportions of Iwans in seven mosques as targeted samples. The mosques of the Safavid period of Isfahan were chosen because the Iranian-Islamic architecture reached its peak in this period and Isfahan was the capital of these manifestations. The Safavid period in Isfahan is divided into three periods from the history and governance point of view. From each period, mosques were selected and analyzed based on the distribution of the time when they had the most geometric diversity in the Iwan. Research objective: Given the importance of mosques in the Safavid period, it seems that specific proportions were used in the design and construction of the Iwans of these mosques, and the present research was aimed at discovering the proportions of the Iwans of selected mosques. Research method: The research method is inductive. The investigated samples were selected non-randomly, and the dimensions and sizes of mosque Iwans were analyzed and checked by examining the proportions in a quasi-experimental way. The data used in this research has been collected by reviewing library documents, map analysis and field survey. Conclusion: Among the examples compared, as targeted samples of the Safavid era in Isfahan, the same proportions can be observed between the Iwans of each period, and in the view of all the examples, Iranian proportions are derived from regular hexagons. These ratios are closer to 1:1. 18 and 1:1. 3 in the first period, 1:1. 18 in the second period, and 1:1. 7 and 1:1. 14 in the third period. Keywords: Geometric proportions, Regular hexagon, Iwan geometry, Mosque Iwan, Safavid mosques. Introduction Mosques are special places for worshiping God and one of the holy Islamic places that have a special place in city and village architecture. The architecture of mosques can be considered influenced by various elements such as military, political, climatic, economic, and cultural elements (Abbaszadeh, Qaisi & Rezapour, 2017, 44). The buildings of first Iranian mosques were built with influence from the structure of the Prophet’s (Muhammad) Mosque, as the first mosque, and the body of the buildings of ancient Iran. The integration of Iranian buildings and the Prophet’s Mosque led to the creation of new